Point-of-Care neutrophil and monocyte surface markers differentiate bacterial from viral infections at the emergency department within 30  minutes

J Leukoc Biol. 2024 Jan 3:qiad163. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad163. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRapid discrimination between viral and bacterial infections in a Point-of-Care setting will improve clinical outcome. Expression of CD64 on neutrophils (neuCD64) increases during bacterial infections, whereas expression of CD169 on classical monocytes(cmCD169) increases during viral infections. The diagnostic value of automated Point-of-Care neuCD64 and cmCD169 analysis was assessed for detecting bacterial and viral infections at the Emergency Department (ED). Additionally, their value as input for machine learning models was studied. A prospective observational cohort study in patients suspected of infection was performed at a ED. A fully automated Point-of-Care flow cytometer measured neuCD64, cmCD169 and additional leukocyte surface markers. Flow cytometry data was gated using the FlowSOM algorithm. Bacterial and viral infections were assessed in standardized clinical care. The sole and combined diagnostic value of the markers was investigated. Clustering based on unsupervised machine learning identified unique patient clusters. Eighty-six patients were included. Thirty-five had a bacterial infection, 30 a viral infection and 21 had no infection. NeuCD64 was increased in bacterial infections (p < 0.001), with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) of 0.73. CmCD169 was higher in virally infected patients (p < 0.001; AUROC 0.79). Multivariate analyses inc...
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology - Category: Hematology Authors: Source Type: research