TGF ‐β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo‐YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and VEGF: Their mechanisms and roles in vascular remodeling related diseases

TGF- β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and vascular endothelial growth factor: their mechanisms and roles in vascular remodeling related diseases. AbstractVascular remodeling is a basic pathological process in various diseases characterized by abnormal changes in the morphology, structure, and function of vascular cells, such as migration, proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. Various growth factors and pathways are involved in the process of vascular remodeling. The transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which is mainly mediated by TGF-β1, is an important factor in vascular wall enhancement during vascular development and regulates the vascular response to injury by promoting the accumulation of intimal tissue. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an importan t effect on initiating the formation of blood vessels. The Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway also plays an important role in angiogenesis. In addition, studies have shown that there is a certain interaction between the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and VEGF. Many stu dies have shown that in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysm, vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, pulmonary hypertension, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and other diseases, various inflammatory reactions lead to changes in vascular structure and vascular mi croenvironment, which leads to vascular remodeling. The occurrenc...
Source: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease - Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research