Interaction between ozone and paternal smoking on fetal congenital heart defects among pregnant women at high risk: a multicenter maternal-fetal medicine study

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal O3 exposure and paternal smoking were interactively associated with an increased risk of fetal CHD in offspring, which calls for effective measures to decrease maternal exposure to O3 pollution and secondhand smoke for CHD prevention.PMID:37665504 | DOI:10.1007/s12519-023-00755-1
Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP - Category: Pediatrics Authors: Source Type: research