A Psychometric Evaluation and a Framework Test of the HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale Among a Population-Based Sample of Men and Women Living with HIV in Central Uganda

This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale (HIV-SMS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in central Uganda and tests the underlying framework. Using data from the PATH/Ekkubo study, (n  = 804 PLHIV), we assessed the HIV-SMS’ reliability and validity (face, content, construct, and convergent). We used multiple regression analyses to test the HIV-SMS’ association with health and well-being outcomes. Findings revealed a more specific (5-factor) stigma structure than the origi nal model, splitting anticipated and enacted stigmas into two subconstructs: family and healthcare workers (HW). The 5-factor model had high reliability (α = 0.92–0.98) and supported the convergent validity (r = 0.12–0.42, p <  0.01). The expected relationship between HIV stigma mechanisms and health outcomes was particularly strong for internalized stigma. Anticipated-family and enacted-family stigma mechanisms showed partial agreement with the hypothesized health outcomes. Anticipated-HW and enacted-HW mechanisms show ed no significant association with health outcomes. The 5-factor HIV-SMS yielded a proper and nuanced measurement of HIV stigma in central Uganda, reflecting the importance of family-related stigma mechanisms and showing associations with health outcomes similar to and beyond the seminal study.
Source: AIDS and Behavior - Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research