Mixed Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium smegmatis infection in an adult ‐onset immunodeficiency patient with anti‐interferon‐γ autoantibodies

In this case report, we present a newly diagnosed AIGA patient who initially presented with disseminated mycobacterial infection. PCR-based testing revealed a mixed pulmonary infection withMycobacterium kansasii andMycobacterium smegmatis, as well as disseminatedM. kansasii infection. After completing 12  months of antibiotics treatment, the infection resolved, and there was no evidence of reactivation, even in the absence of AIGA-specific treatment. AbstractAnti-interferon-gamma autoantibody (AIGA) is a rare adult-onset immunodeficiency disease that increases the risk of occult infection. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections represent a diverse group of species and subspecies, and mixed infections with two or more NTM species have been reported. However, there is no consensus on the optimal antibiotics or immune modulator treatments for mixed NTM infections in AIGA patients. Here, we present the case of a 40-year-old female who initially presented with suspected lung cancer with obstructive pneumonitis. Tissue samples obtained through bronchoscopy, endoscopy, and bone marrow biopsy revealed disseminated mycobacterium infection. PCR-based testing confirmed a mixed pulmonary infection withMycobacterium kansasii andMycobacterium smegmatis, as well asM. kansasii bacteremia. The patient received 12  months of anti-NTM medications forM. kansasii, and the symptoms improved. Additionally, the images showed resolution after 6  months, even without the need for immune mo...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research