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Emerging DNA Methylome Targets in FLT3-ITD-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Combination Therapy with Clinically Approved FLT3 Inhibitors
Opinion statementThe internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of the FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) is the most common mutation observed in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. It represents poor prognosis due to continuous activation of downstream growth-promoting signaling pathways such as STAT5 and PI3K/AKT. Hence, FLT3 is considered an attractive druggable target; selective small FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3Is), such as midostaurin and quizartinib, have been clinically approved. However, patients possess generally poor remission rates and acquired resistance when FLT3I used alone. Vari...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - May 2, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Post-Radiotherapy Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Management by Speech-Language Pathologists
Opinion statementDysphagia, difficulty in eating and drinking, remains the most common side effect of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) with devastating consequences for function and quality of life (QOL). Over the past decade, 5-year survival has improved due to multiple factors including treatment advances, reduction in smoking, introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and more favourable prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Increased prevalence of HPV-positive disease, which tends to affect younger individuals, has led to an elevated number of people living for longer with the sequelae of ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - May 1, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Precision Cardio-oncology: Update on Omics-Based Diagnostic Methods
Opinion statementCardio-oncology is an emerging interdisciplinary field dedicated to the early detection and treatment of adverse cardiovascular events associated with anticancer treatment, and current clinical management of anticancer-treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) remains limited by a lack of detailed phenotypic data. However, the promise of diagnosing CTR-CVT using deep phenotyping has emerged with the development of precision medicine, particularly the use of omics-based methodologies to discover sensitive biomarkers of the disease. In the future, combining information produced by a variety of omic...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Molecular Heterogeneity in Leiomyosarcoma and Implications for Personalised Medicine
Opinion statementLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) is one of the more common subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), accounting for about 20% of cases. Differences in anatomical location, risk of recurrence and histomorphological variants contribute to the substantial clinical heterogeneity in survival outcomes and therapy responses observed in patients. There is therefore a need to move away from the current one-size-fits-all treatment approach towards a personalised strategy tailored for individual patients. Over the past decade, tissue profiling studies have revealed key genomic features and an additional layer of molecular heteroge...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 24, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Circulating Tumor DNA in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: from Bench to Bedside?
Opinion StatementDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a curable disease with variable outcomes due to underlying heterogeneous clinical and molecular features —features that are insufficiently characterized with our current tools. Due to these limitations, treatment largely remains a “one-size-fits-all” approach. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a novel biomarker in cancers that is increasingly utilized for risk stratification and response assessmen t. ctDNA is readily detectable from the plasma of patients with DLBCL but has not yet been incorporated into clinical care to guide treatment. Here, we describe how c...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 24, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors: Where We Have Been, and Where Do We Go From Here?
Opinion statementImmunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) remains an intensive area of investigation. Given the seismic impact of cancer immunotherapy across a range of malignancies, there is optimism that harnessing the power of immunity will influence GBM as well. However, despite several phase 3 studies, there are still no FDA-approved immunotherapies for GBM. Importantly, the field has learned a great deal from the randomized studies to date. Today, we are continuing to better understand the disease-specific features of the microenvironment in GBM —as well as the exploitable antigenic characteristic of the tumor cells th...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Correction to: Surgical Management and Considerations for Patients with Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer
(Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 20, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Photodynamic application in diagnostic procedures and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers
Opinion statementSkin tumors commonly seen in dermatology are involved in all layers of the skin and appendages. While biopsy of affected skin remains an essential method to confirm diagnosis and to predicate tumor prognosis, it has its limitations. Recently, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting affected skin and mucosal tissues, providing valuable guidance for precision surgery to resect skin and mucosal tumors. In this review, we summarized the literatures concerning the applications of PDD in diagnostic process and treatment of skin and mucosal conditions such as actinic keratoses ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 6, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Role of Metastasis-Directed Therapy in Genitourinary Cancers
Opinion statementThe treatment of oligometastatic genitourinary cancers is a rapidly advancing field with ablative radiotherapy as one of the critical treatment components. The oligometastatic disease state, which can be defined as 1 –5 metastatic sites with a controlled primary, represents a distinct clinical state where comprehensive ablative local therapies may provide improved outcomes. Enhanced imaging has increased the number of patients identified with oligometastatic disease. Evidence for improved outcomes with metasta sis-directed therapy (MDT) in oligometastatic genitourinary cancers is increasing, and previous...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 4, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Opinion statementTargeted treatment strategies are available for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive (amplified and/or overexpressed) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and HER2 testing is indicated in patients with mCRC. At present, standard of care first-line treatment for those with HER2-positive mCRC remains chemotherapy in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors or bevacizumab, depending onRAS/BRAF mutational status and tumor sidedness. HER2-targeted agents should be considered for those withRAS/BRAF wild-type disease in subsequent-line treatment and in first-line ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 28, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Pioneering the Way: The Revolutionary Potential of Antibody –Drug Conjugates in NSCLC
Opinion statementDespite targeted therapy and immunotherapy being recognized as established frontline treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the unavoidable development of resistance and disease progression poses ongoing challenges. Antibody –drug conjugates (ADCs) offer a potent treatment option for NSCLC through the specific delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells that display distinct antigens. This review delves into the latest evidence regarding promising ADC agents for NSCLC, focusing on their targets, effectiveness, and saf ety assessments. Additionally, our study provides insights into ma...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Treatment Options for Distal Rectal Cancer in the Era of Organ Preservation
Opinion statementThe introduction of total mesorectal excision into the radical surgery of rectal cancer has significantly improved the oncological outcome with longer survival and lower local recurrence. Traditional treatment modalities of distal rectal cancer, relying on radical surgery, while effective, take their own set of risks, including surgical complications, potential damage to the anus, and surrounding structure owing to the pursuit of thorough resection. The progress of operating methods as well as the integration of systemic therapies and radiotherapy into the peri-operative period, particularly the exciting c...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 22, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Health and the Link to Colorectal Cancer Outcomes
Opinion   statementColorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most deadly cancer in the United States, behind only lung cancer. Despite improvements in incidence due to screening and mortality in part due to better treatments, there are some groups that have not seen these promising changes. American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Black individuals, certain geographic regions, and lower socioeconomic groups have all been shown to have worse CRC outcomes. A significant body of evidence has linked these disparities in outcomes to social determinants of health (SDH). SDH are defined by the WHO as “the non-medical fa...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 18, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Ovarian Suppression: Early Menopause and Late Effects
Opinion statementAround 90% of breast tumours are diagnosed in the early stage, with approximately 70% being hormone receptor-positive. The cornerstone of adjuvant therapy for early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is endocrine therapy, tailored according to disease stage, biological characteristics of the tumour, patient ’s comorbidities, preferences and age. In premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, ovarian function suppression is a key component of the adjuvant endocrine treatment in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen. Moreover, it can be used during chemoth...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 13, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Update on Dosing and Fractionation for Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Localized Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Opinion statementNeoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) over 5 –6 weeks with daily doses of 1.8–2.0 Gy to a total dose of 50–50.4 Gy is standard of care for localized high-grade soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities and trunk wall. One exception is myxoid liposarcomas where the phase II DOREMY trial applying a preoperative dose of 36 Gy in 2 Gy fr actions (3–4 weeks treatment) has achieved excellent local control rates of 100% after a median follow-up of 25 months.Hypofractionated preoperative RT has been investigated in a number of phase II single-arm studies suggesting that daily doses of 2.75 –8 Gy over 1–3 w...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 13, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research