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The Role of Liver Transplantation in the Treatment of Liver Metastases from Neuroendocrine Tumors
Opinion statementTransplant oncology is a new field of medicine referred to the use of solid organ transplantation, particularly the liver, to improve prognosis and quality of life in cancer patients. In unresectable, liver-only metastases from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the digestive tract, liver transplantation represents a competitive chance of cure. Due to the limited resource of donated organs, accurate patients ’ selection is crucial in order to maximize transplant benefit. Several tumor- and patient-related factors should be considered. Among them, primary tumors with a low grade of differentiation (G1-G2 or ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 26, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Anti-HER2 Drugs for the Treatment of Advanced HER2 Positive Breast Cancer
This article presents new treatment options, discussing the most important findings from clinical trials and real-world reports, clinical benefits and risks of treatment, as well as efficacy of re-treatment with trastuzumab in met astatic breast cancer. New data challenge the current standards, and a number of questions arise regarding the optimal sequence of anti-HER2 targeted therapies, the optimal combination, including endocrine agents in luminal HER2 positive tumors and treatment of special patient population such as pat ients with brain metastases (BM). (Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Developing Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of CAR-T Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Opinion statementAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal blood malignancy. With the development of immunotherapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), the treatment of AML has undergone a significant change. Despite its advantages, CAR-T still faces a number of limitations and challenges while treating AML. Finding novel targets, altering the structure of CAR to increase efficacy while lowering side effects, and using double-target CAR and logic circuits are typical examples of key to answer these problems. With the advancement of gene editing technology, gene editing of tumor cells or normal cells to cr...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 23, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Sequencing Systemic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Opinion StatementMultiple treatment options are now approved for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-containing regimen should be highly considered as the first-line treatment when there is no contraindication, especially in those with hepatitis virus-related HCC, due to proven superior overall survival (OS) compared to sorafenib. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab remain the treatment of choice among all ICI-containing regimens, unless contraindications to either of the medications exist. Although sorafenib is still the only medication currently app...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Systemic Therapy in Advanced Pleomorphic Liposarcoma: a Comprehensive Review
Opinion statementThe therapeutic approach of pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS), a rare high-grade subgroup of soft tissue sarcoma, is commonly extrapolated from the management of other LPS subtypes. Only published retrospective data on PLPS currently serve as a guide for oncologists without clear recommendations or specific guidelines. In the advanced setting, specific systemic therapy such as eribulin and trabectedin showed promising activity in comparison to conventional therapy (doxorubicin- and gemcitabine-based protocols), which currently remains the current standard of care at initial stages of the disease. The better u...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Radiotherapy for Advanced Esophageal Cancer: from Palliation to Curation
Opinion statementEsophageal cancer is a global health problem, which is 7th most common and 6th most deadly cancer. It has been the era of immuno-oncology for esophageal cancer management. Radiation therapy has been one of the key local therapeutic approaches for esophageal cancer treatment, while its role in advanced disease is challenging and debatable. There have been emerging clinical and translational studies of radiation therapy in recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancer. Immunotherapy has been established the standard care of 1st and 2nd line systemic therapies of advanced esophageal cancer, and the development of...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 9, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Optimal Therapeutic Strategy for PD-L1 Negative Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Decision-Making Guide Based on Clinicopathological and Molecular Features
Opinion StatementStrategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which can enhance antitumor immune responses, have revolutionized the lung cancer therapeutic landscape. The ICI mechanism of action involves the blockade of regulatory cell surface molecules using antibodies against the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (ipilimumab, tremelimumab); the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1; nivolumab, pembrolizumab); or the PD ligand-1 (PD-L1; atezolizumab, durvalumab). Notably, anti-PD-1 demonstrated long-term survival benefits, durable objective responses, and a manageable safety profile in patients with non-small ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Correction to: Update on Immunotherapy Cardiotoxicity: Checkpoint Inhibitors, CAR T, and Beyond
(Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - October 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Mitigating Radiotoxicity in the Central Nervous System: Role of Proton Therapy
Opinion statementCentral nervous system (CNS) radiotoxicity remains a challenge in neuro-oncology. Dose distribution advantages of protons over photons have prompted increased use of brain-directed proton therapy. While well-recognized among pediatric populations, the benefit of proton therapy among adults with CNS malignancies remains controversial. We herein discuss the role of protons in mitigating late CNS radiotoxicities in adult patients. Despite limited clinical trials, evidence suggests toxicity profile advantages of protons over conventional radiotherapy, including retention of neurocognitive function and brain vo...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - September 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Correction to: Voluntary Assisted Dying/Euthanasia: Will This Have an Impact on Cancer Care in Future Years?
(Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - September 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The Crying Need for a Better Response Assessment in Rectal Cancer
Opinion statementSince total neoadjuvant treatment achieves almost 30% pathologic complete response, organ preservation has been increasingly debated for good responders after neoadjuvant treatment for patients diagnosed with rectal cancer. Two organ preservation strategies are available: awatch and wait strategy and a local excision strategy including patients with a near clinical complete response. A major issue is the selection of patients according to the initial tumor staging or the response assessment. Despite modern imaging improvement, identifying complete response remains challenging. A better selection could be p...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - September 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Opioid-induced Neurotoxicity in Patients with Cancer Pain
Opinion statementOpioid-induced neurotoxicity (OINT) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome observed with opioid therapy. The mechanism of OINT is thought to be multifactorial, and many risk factors may facilitate its development. If symptoms of OINT are seen, the prescriber should consider hydration, discontinuation of the offending opioid drug, or switching of opioid medication, or the use of some adjuvants. Multiple factors like inter- and intraindividual differences in opioid pharmacology may influence the accuracy of dose calculations for opioid switching. Experience and clinical judgment in a specialistic palliative care set...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - September 9, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Research Progress on Pyroptosis in Hematological Malignancies
This article reviews the characteristics of pyroptosis and the regulatory mechanisms promoting or inhibiting pyroptosis and discusses the role of pyroptosis in hematological malignant tumors, which could provide ideas for the clinical treatment of such tumors in the future. (Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - August 28, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Update on Immunotherapy Cardiotoxicity: Checkpoint Inhibitors, CAR T, and Beyond
Opinion statementImmunotherapy is an innovative approach to cancer treatment that involves using the body ’s immune system to fight cancer. The landscape of immunotherapy is constantly evolving, as new therapies are developed and refined. Some of the most promising approaches in immunotherapy include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): these drugs target proteins on the surface of T-cells that inhibi t their ability to attack cancer cells. By blocking these proteins, checkpoint inhibitors allow T-cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. CAR T-cell therapy: this therapy involves genetically modifying...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - August 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Cardio-oncology in China
Opinion statementCardio-oncology is going under rapid development in various areas across an increasing number of provinces in China. However there are still a myriad of challenges that need to be overcome in order to ensure its gradual and consistent expansion. The Cardio-Oncology Knowledge Transfer Model (KTM) forms the basis to allow exponential development of effective cardio-oncology services. This would ensure the implementation of precision-based practice while dynamically evolving cardio-oncology to integrate both Western and Chinese medical practices to become an official clinical sub-speciality in its own right i...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - August 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research