DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 16
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Congratulations - you have completed DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 16.
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Source: Cardiophile MD - February 14, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Featured Source Type: blogs
DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 13
In this study, cangrelor was discontinued 1-6 hours prior to surgery, while aspirin was continued throughout the perioperative period. Bridging with cangrelor did not increase major bleeds prior to surgery, though minor bleeds, mostly ecchymosis at venipuncture site, was higher. P2Y12 assay documented sufficient platelet inhibition corresponding to levels required for anti thrombotic effect [1]. Cangrelor is awaiting approval and more large scale trials regarding the use of bridging are needed.
Reference
1. Angiolillo DJ et al; BRIDGE Investigators. Bridging antiplatelet therapy with cangrelor in patients undergoing ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - February 7, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Source Type: blogs
DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 12
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Click on the 'Start' button to begin the mock test. After answering all questions, click on the 'Get Results' button to display your score and the explanations. There is no time limit for this mock test.
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Congratulations - you have completed DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 12.
You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.
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Source: Cardiophile MD - February 4, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Featured Source Type: blogs
DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 11
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Click on the 'Start' button to begin the mock test. After answering all questions, click on the 'Get Results' button to display your score and the explanations. There is no time limit for this mock test.
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Congratulations - you have completed DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 11.You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.Your performance has ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - February 3, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Featured Source Type: blogs
DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 8
This study found that though it is often associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), it can also occur in those without significant CAD. It was not specifically associated with disease of right coronary artery disease.
This cardioinhibitory response may be a manifestation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Bezold-Jarisch reflex inhibits sympathetic activity (sympathetic withdrawal) and increases parasympathetic activity, resulting in bradycardia, which may be associated with vasodilatation, nausea and hypotension. Bezold-Jarisch has been described in the setting of inferior wall infarction and coronary angiography. Origin...
Source: Cardiophile MD - January 26, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ Cardiology X-ray Featured Source Type: blogs
DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 7
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Click on the 'Start' button to begin the mock test. After answering all questions, click on the 'Get Results' button to display your score and the explanations. There is no time limit for this mock test.
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Congratulations - you have completed DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Mock Test 7.
You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.
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Source: Cardiophile MD - January 23, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Featured Source Type: blogs
Mechanisms of improvement of heart failure in VSD
If a child with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and heart failure improves, what are the possibilities?
Spontaneous decrease in size of VSD: This is best natural course and needs no further treatment.
Development of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction: This is the next best possibility which could have occurred when the heart failure has decreased. This can progress to a Tetralogy of Fallot like physiology with right to left shunting across the VSD and is known as Gasul variant or Gasul phenomenon [1]. Still it can be remedied by surgical treatment. VSD closure and resection of RVOT are needed.
Developme...
Source: Cardiophile MD - December 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: General Cardiology Gasul variant Gasul phenomenon Source Type: blogs
Trans Esophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
Transesophageal echocardiography is a specialised form of echocardiographic study using an echo probe held at the tip of an endoscope like device. As the esophagus is very close to the heart, higher quality images are obtained. Interference by air in the lungs, which is usual for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is also avoided. As the imaging is in the near field, higher frequency transducers can be used, providing better image resolution. TEE imaging frequency is of the order of 5 – 10 MHz. TEE is very useful for imaging the posterior structures of the heart like the left atrium. Clots in the left atrial app...
Source: Cardiophile MD - December 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Echocardiography Intra operative TEE Intra operative trans esophageal echocardiography risk of TEE risk of trans esophageal echocardiography TEE for liver transplantation surgery TEE in those with esophageal varices Transesophageal echocardi Source Type: blogs
Truncus arteriosus
is a cyanotic congenital heart disease in which one single great vessel with a single semilunar valve gives rise to the aorta, pulmonary arteries and the coronary arteries. There are three morphological types depending on the origin of pulmonary arteries from the truncus. In type I, a common pulmonary trunk arises from the truncus arteriosus and divides into left and right pulmonary arteries. In type II, the two pulmonary arteries arises separately, but adjacent to each other, from the truncus. In type III, the two pulmonary arteries arise separately from either side of the truncus. The older classification had a type IV ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - December 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: ECG / Electrophysiology General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Cyanotic spell
Brief Review
Cyanotic spells are episodes of worsening of cyanosis (also called hypercyanotic spells, Tet spell for short [1]) in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease with low pulmonary blood flow (Tetralogy of Fallot physiology). Tet spells can also rarely occur in adults with Tetralogy of Fallot [1]. Cyanotic spells are associated with hyperpnea and may lead to loss of consciousness and even hypoxic seizures if the episodes are prolonged. They can be precipitated by crying or other forms of exertion.
A rare instance of refractory cyanotic spell in a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot due to thrombus in right ve...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 26, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: General Cardiology Cyanotic spells in D-TGA with LVOT obstruction Tet spell Tetralogy of Fallot Source Type: blogs
Cone procedure for Ebstein’s anomaly
Brief Review
Cone procedure for Ebstein’s anomaly of tricuspid valve constructs a funnel like valve using the native valve leaflets. This avoids the problems associated with artificial valves including bioprosthetic valves, especially in children. In one study cone procedure group had 85% reduction in tricuspid regurgitation compared to 56% in the conventional group, at discharge from hospital [1]. The cone procedure involves detachment of tricuspid leaflets, division of chordae, plication of the tricuspid annulus, rotation of leaflets and final re-insertion of the leaflets in the modified tricuspid valve annulus [2...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 22, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiac Surgery Cone procedure Ebstein's anomaly Source Type: blogs
Swiss cheese VSD (ventricular septal defect)
Multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (VSD) are also called swiss cheese VSD. Swiss cheese VSDs are associated with left axis deviation on ECG. Swiss cheese VSDs are difficult to close surgically. It is difficult to locate the openings of the VSD from the right ventricular side. Some may have multiple right ventricular openings for a single left ventricular orifice. When one right ventricular orifice is closed, the VSD may be seen puffing from another orifice. These VSDs may require left ventriculotomy for closure, which is a problem in a small infant. Recently special techniques using a thread passed from the right...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 18, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiac Surgery adjustable PA banding adjustable pulmonary artery banding excessive pulmonary blood flow left axis deviation on ECG Multiple muscular ventricular septal defects PAH Swiss cheese ventricular septal defects Swiss cheese VSD Source Type: blogs
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Illustrated Review with ECG, CXR, Echo Video, Cath Images
X-ray chest in atrial septal defect
X-ray chest PA view in atrial septal defect with pulmonary hypertension
(Click on the image for an enlarged view)
The main pulmonary artery (MPA) is grossly dilated. The right pulmonary artery (RPA) is also quite enlarged. Right atrial enlargement is seen as a shift of the cardiac contour to the right of the spine. Pulmonary vascularity is increased and prominent end on vessels (End on) are also seen. Apex is upwards, suggesting a right ventricular configuration. All features suggest a large secundum atrial septal defect with a l...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 16, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Angiography and Interventions Cardiology X-ray ECG / Electrophysiology Echocardiography Structural Heart Disease Interventions ASD Crochetage Sign ASD ECG ASD echo ASD Echo Video ASD X-Ray Chest PA Colour Doppler Echo in ASD ECG in A Source Type: blogs
Intramural VSD
Intramural Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Intramural VSD is a type of residual VSD seen after repair of complex defects like double outlet right ventricle, truncus arteriosus or Rastelli procedure for transposition of great arteries. The intramural VSD originates between the insertion of the VSD closure patch and the aortic valve. The defect occurs because of coarse trabeculae of the hypertrophic right ventricle prevent good seal at the site of patch insertion so that blood can tunnel through the trabeculae from the left ventricular outflow tract into the right ventricle through its wall (intramural). Due to the peculiar ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 18, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiac Surgery Source Type: blogs
Test your medicine knowledge: 33-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation
Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.
A 33-year-old woman is evaluated as an outpatient following an episode of atrial fibrillation. The episode resolved shortly after she arrived at the emergency department. She has a history of tetralogy of Fallot with repair performed at the age of 4 years.
On physical examination, blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, pulse rate is 62/min and regular, and respiration rate is 18/min. BMI is 28. The estimated central venous pressure is normal. The apical impulse is normal; there is a parasternal impulse at the left ster...
Source: Kevin, M.D. - Medical Weblog - September 19, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: mksap Tags: Conditions Heart Source Type: blogs
