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Hyperviscosity syndrome in COVID-19 and related vaccines: exploring of uncertainties
In conclusion, COVID-19 and related vaccines are linked with the development of HVS, mainly in patients with previous COVID-19 and underlying metabolic derangements. The possible mechanism of HVS in COVID-19 and related vaccines is increasing levels of fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. However, dehy dration, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions are regarded as additional contributing factors in the pathogenesis of HVS in COVID-19. However, this critical review cannot determine the final causal relationship between COVID-19 and related vaccines and the development of HVS. Prospective and retrospective studies are warranted in this field.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - May 24, 2022 Category: Research Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Host Immune Response
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1313:99-134. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_6.ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive-sense RNA coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 127 million people, 2.7 million deaths globally (as per WHO dashboard, dated 31 March, 2020), the virus is capable of transmitting from human to human via inhalation of infected respiratory droplets or aerosols or contact with infected fomites. Clinically, patients with COVID-19 present with severe respiratory distress synd...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - October 18, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Hadida Yasmin Sudipta Saha Mariam Tariq Butt Rishab Kumar Modi Andrew J T George Uday Kishore Source Type: research