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Pathological implications of cellular stress in cardiovascular diseases
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2023 Mar 15:106397. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106397. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCellular stress has been a key factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Major types of cellular stress such as mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and replicative stress have been implicated in clinical complications of cardiac patients. The heart is the central regulator of the body by supplying oxygenated blood throughout the system. Impairment of cellular function could lead to heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia, and even stroke. Understanding the effect of these...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - March 17, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Thennavan Ulaganathan Selene Perales Saiprahalad Mani Boula A Baskhairoun Johnson Rajasingh Source Type: research

Platelet-derived growth factor signalling in neurovascular function and disease
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2022 Feb 22:106187. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106187. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPlatelet-derived growth factors are critical for cerebrovascular development and homeostasis. Abnormalities in this signalling pathway are implicated in neurological diseases, especially those where neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in disease pathologies, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease; the angiogenic nature of this pathway also draws its significance in brain malignancies such as glioblastoma where tumour angiogenesis is profuse. In this review, we provide an updated o...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - February 26, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Susan Ys Li Rebecca Johnson Leon Cd Smyth Mike Dragunow Source Type: research

Primary hypercholesterolemia and development of cardiovascular disorders: cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in low-grade systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2021 Aug 23:106066. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106066. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrimary hypercholesterolemia, a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated circulating levels of cholesterol products, mainly low-density lipoproteins, is associated with arteriosclerosis development. Cardiovascular disease, predominantly myocardial infarction and stroke, remains the main cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis considered to be the most common underlying pathology. In addition to elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoproteins, low-grade systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 26, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Aida Collado Elena Domingo Laura Piqueras Maria-Jesus Sanz Source Type: research

Emerging mechanisms to modulate VWF release from endothelial cells.
Abstract Agonist-mediated exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies underpins the endothelium's ability to respond to injury or infection. Much of this important response is mediated by the major constituent of Weibel-Palade bodies: the ultra-large glycoprotein von Willebrand Factor. Upon regulated WPB exocytosis, von Willebrand factor multimers unfurl into long, platelet-catching 'strings' which instigate the pro-haemostatic response. Accordingly, excessive levels of VWF are associated with thrombotic pathologies, including myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Failure to appropriately cleave von Willebrand Factor...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 7, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: El-Mansi S, Nightingale TD Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Implications of NADPH oxidase 5 in vascular diseases.
Abstract Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Among others, oxidative stress promotes endothelial dysfunction, and accelerated ageing and remodelling of vasculature. Lately, NADPH oxidases have been demonstrated to be involved in cardiovascular diseases. NADPH oxidase 5 has emerged as a new player in oxidative stress-mediated endothelial alterations, involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. This oxidase seems to mediate its detrimental effects by promoting inflammation. NADPH oxidase...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - September 15, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Marqués J, Cortés A, Pejenaute Á, Zalba G Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Perlecan, a Modular Instructive Proteoglycan with Diverse Functional Properties.
This study reviewed some new aspects of the modular proteoglycan perlecan, a colossal proteoglycan with a 467 kDa core protein and five distinct functional domains. Perlecan is a heparan sulphate proteoglycan that transiently displays native CS sulphation motifs 4-C-3 and 7-D-4 during tissue morphogenesis these are expressed by progenitor cell populations during tissue development. Perlecan is susceptible to fragmentation by proteases during tissue development and in pathological tissues particularly in domains IV and V. The fragmentation pattern of domain IV has been suggested as a means of grading prostate cancer. Doma...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - September 14, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Melrose J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Long-term pulmonary and cardiovascular morbidities of neonatal hyperoxia exposure in mice.
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently occurs in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), causing increased mortality and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction that persists into adulthood. A first step in developing better therapeutic options is identifying and characterizing an appropriate animal model. Previously, we characterized the short-term morbidities of a model in which C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to 70% O2 (hyperoxia) during the neonatal period. Here, we aimed to determine the long-term morbidities using lung morphometry, echocardiography (Echo), and cardiac magnetic resonance ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 7, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Menon RT, Shrestha AK, Reynolds CL, Barrios R, Shivanna B Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Defects in RNA metabolism in mitochondrial disease.
Abstract The expression of mitochondrially-encoded genes requires the efficient processing of long precursor RNAs at the 5' and 3' ends of tRNAs, a process which, when disrupted, results in disease. Two such mutations reside within mt-tRNA(Leu(UUR)); a m.3243A > G transition, which is the most common cause of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes), and m.3302A > G which often causes mitochondrial myopathy (MM). We used parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE) that captures the 5' terminal end of 5'-monophosphorylated mitochondrial RNAs to compare the effects of t...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - February 7, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Siira SJ, Shearwood AJ, Bracken CP, Rackham O, Filipovska A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease Pathogenesis: Two Sides of the Same Coin.
Abstract Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a vascular disease of proven genetic origin, which may arise sporadically or is inherited as autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. CCM lesions exhibit a range of different phenotypes, including wide inter-individual differences in lesion number, size, and susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Lesions may remain asymptomatic or result in pathological conditions of various type and severity at any age, with symptoms ranging from recurrent headaches to severe neurological deficits, seizures, and stroke. T...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - September 13, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Retta SF, Glading AJ Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

MicroRNA: Key regulators of oligodendrocyte development and pathobiology.
Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that function through binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) targets and downregulating gene expression. miRs have been shown to regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, development and apoptosis. Recently, evidence has grown which shows the involvement of miRs in oligodendrocyte (OL) specification and development. In particular, miRs-138, -219, -338, and -9 have been classified as key regulators of OL development, acting at various points in the OL lineage and influencing precursor cell transit into mature myelinat...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - May 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Fitzpatrick JM, Anderson RC, McDermott KW Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Endogenous neurogenesis following ischemic brain injury: insights for therapeutic strategies.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is among the most common yet most intractable types of central nervous system (CNS) injury in the adult human population. In the acute stages of disease, neurons in the ischemic lesion rapidly die and other neuronal populations in the ischemic penumbra are vulnerable to secondary injury. Multiple parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that cerebral ischemia initiates an endogenous regenerative response within the adult brain that potentiates adult neurogenesis...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 13, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Merson TD, Bourne JA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

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