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Change in Central Cardiovascular Function in Response to Intense Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Conclusions Increases in V̇O2max demonstrated with intense interval training are attendant with increases in central O2 delivery with little contribution from changes in hematocrit, blood volume, or plasma volume.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Functioning in Middle-Age and Older Adults Living in the United States: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
We examined the independent and joint effects of sedentary behavior and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with measures of physical functioning. Methods We studied 5408 participants in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study who wore a hip-mounted accelerometer over seven consecutive days (2009–2013) and had self-reported and directly observed physical function (time walk, chair stand test) measured during an in-home visit conducted from 2013 to 2016. Results Greater sedentary time was significantly associated with poorer chair stand and timed walk scores. Sub...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Poststroke White Matter Hyperintensities and Physical Activity: A CANVAS Study Exploratory Analysis
Conclusions Meeting PA guidelines was associated with lower WMH volume at 12 months in univariable analysis, but not in multivariable analysis. Age consistently predicted greater WMH volume.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Stepper-Based Training Improves Monocyte–Platelet Aggregation and Thrombin Generation in Nonambulatory Hemiplegic Patients
Conclusions Stepper-based ET is feasible in nonambulatory hemiplegic patients and is effective in improving aerobic fitness. Moreover, it decreases heteroaggregation of monocytes with platelets, especially in monocyte subtypes 2 and 1. Thrombin generation was also attenuated. Hence, stepper-based ET may be incorporated in the rehabilitation of nonambulatory hemiplegic patients.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - April 21, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

An Intensity-dependent Slow Component of HR Interferes with Accurate Exercise Implementation in Postmenopausal Women
Purpose We tested the hypothesis that a slow component of HR (i.e., scHR) occurs in all intensity domains, greater than the slow component of oxygen uptake (scV˙O2), and we developed an equation to predict it across exercise intensities. Method Eighteen healthy, postmenopausal women (54 ± 4 yr) performed on a cycle ergometer: i) a ramp incremental test for thresholds and V˙O2max detection; ii) 30-min constant work exercise at 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% V˙O2max for the measurement of scHR, scV˙O2, stroke volume, and body temperature (T°). scHR and scV˙O2 were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (i...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Differences in Left Ventricular Function at Rest and during Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Elite Aquatic Sport Athletes
Conclusions Among male athletes, Sw display primarily volume-based functional adaptations distinct from the mixed volume–pressure adaptations of WP; however, both groups can maintain stroke volume with increased afterload. Female Sw and WP do not demonstrate sport-specific differences like males, perhaps owing to sex differences in adaptation, but have greater volume-based adaptations than AS. Lastly, AS display unique functional adaptations that may be driven by elevated pressures under low-volume conditions.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Exertional Heat Stroke at the Boston Marathon: Demographics and the Environment
This study aimed to assess associations between exertional heat stroke (EHS) and sex, age, prior performance, and environmental conditions, and report on resources needed for EHS cases at the Boston Marathon. Methods We analyzed participant characteristics, environmental data, and EHS medical encounters during the 2015–2019 Boston Marathon races. Results Among 136,161 starters, there was an incidence of 3.7 EHS cases per 10,000 starters (95% confidence interval, 2.8–4.9), representing 0.5% of all medical encounters. There were significant associations between sex and age (P
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 22, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Blood Pressure Responses to Static and Dynamic Knee Extensor Exercise between Sexes: Role of Absolute Contraction Intensity
Purpose Males have larger blood pressure (BP) responses to relative-intensity static handgrip exercise compared with females. Controlling for absolute load (maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) abolishes these differences. Whether similar observations exist during large muscle mass exercise or dynamic contractions, and the mechanisms involved, remains unknown. Methods BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and rectus femoris EMG were recorded in 28 males and 17 females during 10% and 30% MVC static (120 s) and isokinetic dynamic (180 s; 1:2 work-to-rest ratio; angular velocity, 60°·sâ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 22, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Cardiac Responses to Prenatal Resistance Exercise with and without the Valsalva Maneuver
Conclusions Pregnant women have proportionate cardiac responses to light-moderate RE, both with and without the VM. These findings reinforce the safety of RE in healthy pregnancy.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 23, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Heat Acclimation Improves Heat Tolerance Test Specificity in a Criteria-dependent Manner
Conclusion Young healthy men without any previous heat illness experienced a 15% to 46% false-positive fail rate for the HTT without HA. After HA, the false-positive fail rate decreased to between 8% and 13%. Outcomes of the HTT are significantly affected by the criteria used and by HA status. The use of HTT for RTA decisions should be done with the recognition of these effects. A major ongoing challenge in sports medicine and the military is the determination of when an athlete or a military service member is ready to return to activity (RTA) after suffering an exertional heat stroke. A heat tolerance test (HTT) is...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - April 19, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Proximal Aortic Compliance in Young Male Endurance Athletes: An MRI Study
Conclusions The proximal aorta of young male endurance athletes undergoes morphological and functional adaptations that may be resulting from the significant hemodynamic alterations associated with their cardiac function.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 19, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Traditional and New Perspectives on Youth Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Conclusions The traditional interpretation of peak V˙O2 in ratio with BM is fallacious and leads to spurious correlations with other health-related variables. Studies of the development of CRF require analyses of sex-specific, concurrent changes in age- and maturation-driven morphological and maximum cardiovascular covariates. Multilevel allometric modeling provides a rigorous, flexible, and sensitive method of data analysis.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 21, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Effects of Ibuprofen during Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
Purpose We hypothesized that IBU would exacerbate intestinal injury, reduce exercise performance, and increase susceptibility to heat stroke. Methods To test this hypothesis, we administered IBU via diet to male and female C57/BL6J mice, over 48 h before EHS. Susceptibility to EHS was determined by assessing exercise response using a forced running wheel, housed inside an environmental chamber at 37.5°C. Core temperature (Tc) was monitored by telemetry. Mice were allocated into four groups: exercise only (EXC); EHS + IBU; EXC + IBU; and EHS only. Exercise performance and Tc profiles were evaluated and stomachs, intes...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 14, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Drift and Maximal Oxygen Uptake during Running and Cycling in the Heat
Conclusions CV strain (indexed as CV drift) during prolonged exercise in the heat corresponds to reduced V˙O2max, irrespective of exercise mode or the thermal gradient. As such, the upward drift in heart rate associated with CV drift reflects increased relative metabolic intensity (%V˙O2max) during prolonged cycling or running in the heat.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 14, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

An Animal Trial on the Optimal Time and Intensity of Exercise after Stroke
Conclusions Exercise at 24 h is harmful. Low- and moderate-intensity exercise initiated at 48 h poststroke appears to be the optimal combination for maximal functional recovery.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - July 30, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

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