Differences in Left Ventricular Function at Rest and during Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Elite Aquatic Sport Athletes

Conclusions Among male athletes, Sw display primarily volume-based functional adaptations distinct from the mixed volume–pressure adaptations of WP; however, both groups can maintain stroke volume with increased afterload. Female Sw and WP do not demonstrate sport-specific differences like males, perhaps owing to sex differences in adaptation, but have greater volume-based adaptations than AS. Lastly, AS display unique functional adaptations that may be driven by elevated pressures under low-volume conditions.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research