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Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal and postnatal preoperative abnormal cerebral findings might play an important role in neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with CHD. Increased awareness of the vulnerability of the young developing brain of an infant with CHD among caregivers is essential.
Source: PEDIATRICS - June 30, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mebius, M. J., Kooi, E. M. W., Bilardo, C. M., Bos, A. F. Tags: Fetus/Newborn Infant, Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disorders Review Article Source Type: research

Case Report of a Severe Recurrent Tongue Self-Injury in an Infant With Dystonia
Dystonia is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive movements, postures, or both that are typically patterned, twisting, and sometimes tremulous. It is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. In this article we report a case of severe oromandibular dystonia, which is a specific form of dystonia characterized by involuntary, action-induced tonic or clonic spasms of the masticatory, lingual, and pharyngeal musculature. Episodes of repeated tongue biting in a 17-month-old girl caused her to stay in the PICU for 4 ...
Source: PEDIATRICS - October 31, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Brissaud, O., Thebaud, N.-B., Guichoux, J., Smirani, R., Villega, F., Devillard, R. Tags: Dentistry/Oral Health, Administration/Practice Management, Interdisciplinary Teams Case Report Source Type: research

Breast Milk Consumption in Preterm Neonates and Cardiac Shape in Adulthood
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of a beneficial association between breast milk and cardiac morphology and function in adult life in those born preterm and supports promotion of human milk for the care of preterm infants to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.
Source: PEDIATRICS - June 30, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lewandowski, A. J., Lamata, P., Francis, J. M., Piechnik, S. K., Ferreira, V. M., Boardman, H., Neubauer, S., Singhal, A., Leeson, P., Lucas, A. Tags: Nutrition, Breastfeeding, Cardiology Article Source Type: research

Severe Cerebral Vasospasm and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke After Intrathecal Cytarabine
We report on 2 patients who developed widespread cerebral vasospasm and arterial ischemic strokes (AIS) after application of intrathecal (IT) cytarabine. In a 3-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), left leg weakness, hyperreflexia, and clonus were noted 4 days after her first dose of IT cytarabine during the induction phase of her chemotherapy. Cerebral MRI revealed multiple acute cerebral ischemic infarcts and widespread cerebral vasospasm. A 5-year-old girl complained of right arm and leg pain and began limping 11 days after IT cytarabine. Symptoms progressed to right dense hemiplegia, left gaze deviat...
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tibussek, D., Natesirinilkul, R., Sun, L. R., Wasserman, B. A., Brandao, L. R., deVeber, G. Tags: Hematology/Oncology, Cancer/Neoplastic, Neurology, Neurologic Disorders Case Report Source Type: research

Chronic Neuromotor Disability After Complex Cardiac Surgery in Early Life
This study focuses on the presence of chronic neuromotor disabilities including cerebral palsy and motor impairments after acquired brain injury in children surviving early complex cardiac surgery, providing information on the frequency, characteristics, and predictors that may assist in prevention. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - October 1, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

Incidence and Outcomes of Symptomatic Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke is associated with later cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. Many studies on neonatal ischemic stroke are limited by modest sample sizes, and prospective studies that include outcomes assessments are scarce. Results from this prospective, nationwide, population-based study provide information on the epidemiology, associated clinical variables, clinical manifestation, vascular distribution, and treatment of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. The study also provides outcomes regarding motor function and cognition. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - May 1, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

Neighborhood Poverty and Allostatic Load in African American Youth
Allostatic load (AL), a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk, predicts the onset of the chronic diseases of aging including cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke. Socioeconomic-related stressors, such as low family income, are associated with AL. African American youth who grow up in neighborhoods in which poverty levels increase across adolescence evince high AL. The study also highlights the benefits of emotional support in ameliorating this association. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - October 31, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

Malignant Paraganglioma Presenting With Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Child
We report here the case of a 12-year-old boy with malignant sympathetic paraganglioma presenting with hemorrhagic stroke. Severe hypertension was found and the patient evolved into a coma. Brain computed tomography scan showed right thalamus hemorrhage with intraventricular extension. After clinical improvement, further investigation revealed elevated catecholamine and metanephrine levels, and 2 abdominal tumors were identified by computed tomography. Resection of both lesions was performed, and histologic findings were consistent with paraganglioma. Multiple metastatic involvement of bones and soft tissues appeared severa...
Source: PEDIATRICS - December 2, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Luiz, H. V., da Silva, T. N., Pereira, B. D., Santos, J. G., Goncalves, D., Manita, I., Portugal, J. Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Complex Chromosome Rearrangement of 6p25.3->p23 and 12q24.32->qter in a Child With Moyamoya
A 7-year-old white girl presented with left hemiparesis and ischemic stroke secondary to moyamoya syndrome, a progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disorder of uncertain but likely multifactorial etiology. Past medical history revealed hearing loss and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Routine karyotype demonstrated extra chromosomal material on 6p. Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray revealed a previously unreported complex de novo genetic rearrangement involving subtelomeric segments on chromosomes 6p and 12q. The duplicated/deleted regions included several known OMIM-annotated genes. This novel phenotyp...
Source: PEDIATRICS - May 31, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rosenberg, R. E., Egan, M., Rodgers, S., Harter, D., Burnside, R. D., Milla, S., Pappas, J. Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Structural Neuroplastic Change After Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Research from the present laboratory with adult stroke patients showed that structural neuroplastic changes are correlated with clinical improvements due to constraint-induced movement (CI) therapy. This pilot study evaluated whether comparable changes occur in children receiving CI therapy. Ten children (6 boys) with congenital hemiparesis (mean age: 3 years, 3 months) underwent MRI scans 3 weeks before, immediately before, and immediately after receiving 3 weeks of CI therapy. Longitudinal voxel-based morphometry was performed on MRI scans to determine gray matter change. In addition, the Pediatric Motor Activity Log-Rev...
Source: PEDIATRICS - May 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sterling, C., Taub, E., Davis, D., Rickards, T., Gauthier, L. V., Griffin, A., Uswatte, G. Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Expanding the Availability of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
A healthy 14-year-old presented to an emergency department in Alaska, complaining of shortness of breath, chest pain, and 72 hours of malaise and headache. On admission, her blood pressure was 80/50 mm Hg, and she had cool extremities. Electrocardiography revealed wide-complex ventricular tachycardia. She underwent synchronized electrical cardioversion. Although she initially converted to sinus rhythm, she subsequently became pulseless, with electrocardiographic evidence of ventricular tachycardia. Despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she failed to achieve a perfusing rhythm. Cardiovascular surgery consultation was obtai...
Source: PEDIATRICS - March 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: McMullan, D. M. Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Developmental Function in Toddlers With Sickle Cell Anemia
This study adds the observation that poorer neurocognitive and behavioral function is associated with older age in infants and toddlers with sickle cell anemia, much earlier than previously expected. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research