• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Thromboinflammatory challenges in stroke pathophysiology
AbstractDespite years of encouraging translational research, ischemic stroke still remains as one of the highest unmet medical needs nowadays, causing a tremendous burden to health care systems worldwide. Following an ischemic insult, a complex signaling pathway emerges leading to highly interconnected thrombotic as well as neuroinflammatory signatures, the so-called thromboinflammatory cascade. Here, we thoroughly review the cell-specific and time-dependent role of different immune cell types, i.e., neutrophils, macrophages, T and B cells, as key thromboinflammatory mediators modulating the neuroinflammatory response upon...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - June 5, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

The role of circulating cell-free DNA as an inflammatory mediator after stroke
We report the current understanding for mechanisms of DNA uptake and sensing in the context of post-stroke inflammation. Moreover, we compare possible treatment options targeting cell-free DNA, DNA-sensing pathways, and the downstream mediators. Finally, we describe clinical implications of this inflammatory pathway for stroke patients, open questions, and potential future research directions.
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - May 22, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Immune compartments at the brain ’s borders in health and neurovascular diseases
AbstractRecent evidence implicates cranial border immune compartments in the meninges, choroid plexus, circumventricular organs, and skull bone marrow in several neuroinflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Their pathogenic importance has also been described for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. In this review, we will examine the cellular composition of these cranial border immune niches, the potential pathways through which they might interact, and the evidence linking them to cardiovascular disease.
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - May 3, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Unveiling the immunopathology of stroke: a comprehensive view on brain-immune interaction
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - May 1, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Differences in the post-stroke innate immune response between young and old
AbstractAging is associated to progressive changes impairing fundamental cellular and tissue functions, and the relationships amongst them through the vascular and immune systems. Aging factors are key to understanding the pathophysiology of stroke since they increase its risk and worsen its functional outcome. Most currently recognised hallmarks of aging are also involved in the cerebral responses to stroke. Notably, age-associated chronic low-grade inflammation is related to innate immune responses highlighted by induction of type-I interferon. The interferon program is prominent in microglia where it interrelates cell d...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - April 12, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke
AbstractIn ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates microglia leading to cytokine and chemokine production and subsequent immune cell recruitment from the periphery which further amplifies post-stroke inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39 an...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - March 14, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Neuroimaging is the new “spatial omic”: multi-omic approaches to neuro-inflammation and immuno-thrombosis in acute ischemic stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of acquired disability and the second leading cause of dementia and mortality. Current treatments for IS are primarily focused on revascularization of the occluded artery. However, only 10% of patients are eligible for revascularization and 50% of revascularized patients remain disabled at 3 months. Accumulating evidence highlight the prognostic significance of the neuro- and thrombo-inflammatory response after IS. However, several randomized trials of promising immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs failed to show positive results. Insufficient understanding of inter-...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - February 14, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Regulatory T lymphocytes as a therapy for ischemic stroke
AbstractUnrestrained excessive inflammatory responses exacerbate ischemic brain injury and impede post-stroke brain recovery. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play important immunosuppressive roles to curtail inflammatory responses and regain immune homeostasis after stroke. Accumulating evidence confirms that Treg cells are neuroprotective at the acute stage after stroke and promote brain repair at the chronic phases. The beneficial effects of Treg cells are mediated by diverse mechanisms involving cell –cell interactions and soluble factor release. Multiple types of cells, including both immune cells and non-i...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - December 5, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Pages: 1  2  3