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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases
Publication date: Available online 10 March 2017Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Grace Y. Sun, Agnes Simonyi, Kevin L. Fritsche, Dennis Y. Chuang, Mark Hannink, Zezong Gu, C. Michael Greenlief, Jeffrey K. Yao, James C. Lee, David Q. BeversdorfAbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. While arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), DHA is linked to action of the Ca2+-independent...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - July 10, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Acid sphingomyelinase promotes mitochondrial dysfunction due to glutamate-induced regulated necrosis Research Articles
Inhibiting the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc–, a key antioxidant defense machinery in the CNS, could trigger a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. The underlying mechanisms of system xc–-dependent cell demise were elucidated using primary oligodendrocytes (OLs) treated with glutamate to block system xc– function. Pharmacological analysis revealed ferroptosis as a major contributing factor to glutamate-initiated OL death. A sphingolipid profile showed elevations of ceramide species and sphingosine that were preventable by inhibiting of an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity....
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - February 1, 2018 Category: Lipidology Authors: Novgorodov, S. A., Voltin, J. R., Gooz, M. A., Li, L., Lemasters, J. J., Gudz, T. I. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Adiponectin, lipids and atherosclerosis
Purpose of review: Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, pro-angiogenic, vasoprotective and insulin-sensitizing properties. Several factors may influence adiponectin levels, such as genetic polymorphisms, obesity / body fat distribution, diet and exercise as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as sleep deprivation and smoking as well as medications. Adiponectin has been proposed as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. Recent findings: This narrative review discusses the associations of adiponectin with obesity-...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 14, 2017 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research