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Fatty liver and cerebrovascular disease: plausible association and possible mechanisms
Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity and has wide ranging extrahepatic manifestations, including through cardiometabolic pathways. As such, there is growing interest in the impact of NAFLD on cerebrovascular disease and brain health more broadly. In this review, we assess recent research into understanding the association between NAFLD and brain health while highlighting potential clinical implications. Recent findings Mechanistically, NAFLD is characterized by both a proinflammatory and proatherogenic state, which results in vascular inflammation and neurodegenerati...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 29, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research

Depression and cardiovascular disease
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to outline the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression, both as a cause of and a result of CVD. Recent findings The prevalence of depression seems to be increasing in the general population. It is likely that depression will be even more of a problem for CVD patients in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. New studies confirm the independent association of depression with later incident CVD, although perhaps not as strong as suggested by some previous studies. Depression seems to be becoming even more prevalent in CVD patients, with new...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - April 30, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM Source Type: research

Epigenetics of paraoxonases
Purpose of review Studies have shown the three-member paraoxonase (PON) multigene family to be involved in the development of a large variety of diseases with an inflammatory component. Environmental factors such as lifestyle-related factors differ widely between populations and it is important to consider that their impacts may be exerted through the epigenetic mechanisms, which connect genes, the environment and disease development and are a potential therapeutic avenue. Recent findings In the review period, very little was published on epigenetics of PON2 or PON3, mostly on their diagnostic value in cancer by measu...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research

The LDL cholesterol in stroke limbo: how low can we go?
No abstract available
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research

Lipid management in people with peripheral artery disease
Purpose of review To summarize recent data on the role of dyslipidaemia and the benefit from managing this in people with disease of the abdominal aorta and its peripheral branches (peripheral artery disease, PAD). Recent findings Findings from the Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk (FOURIER) trial demonstrate the benefit of intensely lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) in people with PAD to substantially reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, stroke or ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research

Cardiovascular oncology: exploring the effects of targeted cancer therapies on atherosclerosis
Purpose of review Targeted cancer therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer in the past decade, but cardiovascular toxicity is a rising problem in cancer patients. Here we discuss the effects of targeted cancer therapies on atherosclerosis. Increasing the awareness of these adverse effects will promote the development of evidence-based preventive strategies in the emerging field of cardiovascular oncology. Recent findings Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immunomodulatory imide drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are successfully used as treatment for many types ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - August 31, 2018 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research

Adiponectin, lipids and atherosclerosis
Purpose of review: Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, pro-angiogenic, vasoprotective and insulin-sensitizing properties. Several factors may influence adiponectin levels, such as genetic polymorphisms, obesity / body fat distribution, diet and exercise as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as sleep deprivation and smoking as well as medications. Adiponectin has been proposed as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. Recent findings: This narrative review discusses the associations of adiponectin with obesity-...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 14, 2017 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research

Lipoprotein(a): new insights from modern genomics
Purpose of review: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is the strongest independent genetic risk factor for both myocardial infarction and aortic stenosis. It has also been associated with other forms of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) including ischemic stroke. Its levels are genetically determined and remain fairly stable throughout life. Elevated Lp(a), above 50 mg/dl, affects one in five individuals worldwide. Recent findings: Herein, we review the recent epidemiologic and genetic evidence supporting the causal role of Lp(a) in CVD, highlight recommendations made by European and Canadian guidelines regarding Lp(a) a...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2017 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research

Genetic susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease
Purpose of review: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) remains a major cause of death and a leading cause of disability worldwide. CeVD is a complex and multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of vascular risk factors, environment, and genetic factors. In the present article, we discussed genetic susceptibility to CeVD, with particular emphasis on genetic studies of the associations between lipid traits and CeVD. Recent findings: Several animal and clinical studies clearly defined genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis and CeVD, and particularly to ischemic stroke. Recent evidence has shown that traditional vascula...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2016 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research

Small entities with large impact: microcalcifications and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability
Purpose of reviewAtherosclerotic plaque rupture and subsequent acute events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, contribute to the majority of cardiovascular-related deaths. Calcification has emerged as a significant predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, challenging previously held notions that calcifications stabilize atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we address this discrepancy through recent findings that not all calcifications are equivalent in determining plaque stability. Recent findingsThe risk associated with calcification is inversely associated with calcification density. As opposed to...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - October 1, 2014 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Andrew Newby and Yury Miller Source Type: research

Collagen and related extracellular matrix proteins in atherosclerotic plaque development
Purpose of reviewThe structure, composition and turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as cell-matrix interactions are crucial in the developing atherosclerotic plaque. There is a need for further insight into specific proteins in the ECM and their functions in the developing plaque, and during the last few years a number of publications have highlighted this very important field of research. These novel findings will be addressed in the present review. Recent findingsThis review covers literature focused on collagen and ECM proteins interacting with collagen, and what their roles may be in plaque development. ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - October 1, 2014 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Andrew Newby and Yury Miller Source Type: research