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Source: Seminars in Neurology
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Total 93 results found since Jan 2013.
What Is the Evidence for Endovascular Thrombectomy in Posterior Circulation Stroke?
Semin Neurol 2023; 43: 345-355 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771210Posterior circulation infarcts comprise approximately 25% of ischemic strokes but are less often treated with recanalization therapy and have longer treatment delays compared with anterior circulation strokes. Among posterior circulation strokes, basilar artery occlusion is associated with the most severe deficits and the worst prognosis. Endovascular thrombectomy is a standard of care for patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, but not until recently were the first randomized controlled trials on endovascular thrombectomy in basilar artery occlus...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: R äty, Silja Nguyen, Thanh N. Nagel, Simon Puetz, Volker Alemseged, Fana Abdalkader, Mohamad Schonewille, Wouter J. Strbian, Daniel Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Surgery for Malignant Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review of the Knowns and Unknowns
Semin Neurol 2023; 43: 370-387 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771208Malignant acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized by acute neurological deterioration caused by progressive space-occupying brain edema, often occurring in the first hours to days after symptom onset. Without any treatment, the result is often fatal. Despite advances in treatment for AIS, up to 80% of patients with a large hemispheric stroke or cerebellar stroke are at risk of poor outcome. Decompressive surgery can be life-saving in a subgroup of patients with malignant AIS, but uncertainties exist on patient selection, predictors of malignant infarction, peri...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Krishnan, Kailash Hollingworth, Milo Nguyen, Thanh N. Kumaria, Ashwin Kirkman, Matthew A. Basu, Surajit Tolias, Christos Bath, Philip M. Sprigg, Nikola Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Dysphagia in Neurological Disorders
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771458Dysphagia is a common symptom in many neurologic disorders. Patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia present with difficulties when they start to swallow, often with coughing and choking; whereas patients with esophageal dysphagia describe the feeling that swallowed food stops in the chest. Chronic neurologic diseases such stroke, Parkinson's disease, or dementia often have dysphagia as a symptom, particularly oropharyngeal dysphagia, and the term “neurogenic dysphagia” is often used. A disruption of the sophisticated, integrated sensorimotor swallowing system is usually the main re...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: El Halabi, Maan Arwani, Remy Parkman, Henry P. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Antiplatelet therapy in Neurointervention
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771383The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of antiplatelet medication in neurointervention, with a focus on the clinical indications for antiplatelet use in both preventing and reducing platelet aggregation. This review will cover current antiplatelet medications, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. We will provide an overview of different endovascular devices and discuss the antiplatelet regimes in neurointervention, highlighting gaps in evidence and scope for future studies.Two randomized controlled trials have evaluated antiplatelet use in the setting of acute...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Ma, Alice Detaram, Harshil Dharamdasani Steinfort, Brendan Harrington, Tim Nguyen, Thanh N. Abdalkader, Mohamad Siopis, George Bath, Philip M. Dhillon, Permesh Singh Podlasek, Anna Qureshi, Adnan I. Qiu, Zhongming Krishnan, Kailash Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Stroke
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771470Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are seen in over 50% of ischemic stroke survivors; the most common complications are dysphagia, constipation, and GI bleeding. The bidirectional relationship of the gut–brain axis and stroke has recently gained traction, wherein stroke contributes to gut dysbiosis (alterations in the normal host intestinal microbiome) and gut dysbiosis perpetuates poor functional neurologic outcomes in stroke. It is postulated that the propagation of proinflammatory cells and gut metabolites (including trimethylamine N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids) from the ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yong, Heather Y.F. Ganesh, Aravind Camara-Lemarroy, Carlos Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Due to Underlying Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771207Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the most common causes of acute ischemic stroke worldwide. Patients with acute large vessel occlusion due to underlying ICAD (ICAD-LVO) often do not achieve successful recanalization when undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) alone, requiring rescue treatment, including intra-arterial thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stenting. Therefore, early detection of ICAD-LVO before the procedure is important to enable physicians to select the optimal treatment strategy for ICAD-LVO to improve clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis of IC...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Huo, Xiaochuan Sun, Dapeng Chen, Wenhuo Han, Hongxing Abdalkader, Mohamad Puetz, Volker Yi, Tingyu Wang, Hao Liu, Raynald Tong, Xu Jia, Baixue Ma, Ning Gao, Feng Mo, Dapeng Yan, Bernard Mitchell, Peter J. Leung, Thomas W. Yavagal, Dileep R. Albers, Gregor Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
History of Neurointervention
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771455In this review article, we aim to provide a summary of the discoveries and developments that were instrumental in the evolution of the Neurointerventional field. We begin with developments in the advent of Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography and progress to cerebral aneurysm treatment, embolization in AVMs and ischemic stroke treatment. In the process we discuss many persons who were key in the development and maturation of the field. A pivotal aspect to rapid growth in the field has been the multidisciplinary involvement of the different neuroscience specialties and therefore we close o...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sahoo, Anurag Abdalkader, Mohamad Saatci, Isil Raymond, Jean Qiu, Zhongming Huo, Xiaochuan Sun, Dapeng Weyland, Charlotte S. Jia, Baixue Zaidat, Osama O. Hu, Wei Qureshi, Adnan I. Miao, Zhongrong Nguyen, Thanh N. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: An Evolution of Trials
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771454The last decade's progress in demonstrating the clinical benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke has transformed the paradigm of care for these patients. This review presents the milestones in implementing EVT as standard of care, demonstrates the current state of evidence, provides guidance for identifying the candidate patient for EVT, and highlights unsolved and controversial issues. Ongoing trials investigate broadening of EVT indications for patients who present with large core infarction, adjunctive intra-arterial thrombolysis, ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Starikova, Natalia R äty, Silja Strbian, Daniel Kaiser, Daniel P. O. Gerber, Johannes C. Huo, Xiaochuan Qiu, Zhongming Chen, Hui-Sheng Kaesmacher, Johannes Pallesen, Lars-Peder Barlinn, Kristian Sun, Dapeng Abdalkader, Mohamad Nguyen, Thanh N. Nagel, Sim Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Impairment in the Setting of COVID-19
We describe and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, new variants of COVID-19 continue to pose an international threat, and patients with rare neuro-ophthalmic complications are likely to continue to present for care.Afferent complications from COVID-19 include homonymous visual field loss, with or without higher cortical visual syndromes, resulting from stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Optic neuritis has frequently been repo...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dinkin, Marc Sathi, Swetha Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Disease
This article discusses the incidence of these cerebrovascular complications, risk factors, management strategies, prognosis and future research directions, as well as considerations in pregnancy-related cerebrovascular events in the setting of COVID-19. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Source: Seminars in Neurology - May 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Catherine, Christina Veitinger, Julia Chou, Sherry H-Y. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Challenging Cases in Cerebrovascular Disease
We present four cases of stroke of uncommon cause and remind clinicians to be open minded to the many possible causes of stroke, in particular because early recognition and treatment is often critical. Case 1 discusses a patient with inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The presentation, ability to recur, and current treatment considerations are reviewed. Case 2 discusses microangiopathic thrombotic angiopathy. Diagnosis and treatment are considered. An association with interferon therapy and the evolving terminology of this and related conditions are discussed. Case 3 discusses intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ac...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - January 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kelly, Michael A. Singh, Jasmine Balabanov, Alexandra Wadina, Adam Dasovic, Braden Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Sleep Disturbances in Neurological Disease: A Target for Intervention
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 639-657 DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0710Sleep is a biological function required for neurological and general health, but a significant and under-recognized proportion of the population has disturbed sleep. Here, we briefly overview the biology of sleep, sleep requirements over the lifespan, and common sleep disorders. We then turn our attention to five neurological diseases that significantly contribute to global disease burden and neurology practice makeup: epilepsy, headache, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. For each disease, we review evidence that sleep disturbances contribu...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - December 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Khambadkone, Seva G. Benjamin, Sara E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Preventive Approaches in Women's Neurology: Prepartum, Pregnancy, and Postpartum
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0633Women's neurology is the subspecialty within neurology concerned with the distinct healthcare needs of women. In this article, we review current literature and expert management strategies regarding disease-specific neurologic concerns of women, with an emphasis on issues related to contraception, pregnancy, and lactation. Health conditions that we discuss in this article include epilepsy, headache, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Chiari I malformation. Current findings on neurologic disease in women suggest that many women with neurologic disease can safely manage their disease during ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kirkpatrick, Laura Waters, Janet O'Neal, Mary Angela Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
This article provides an overview on conventional modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke and highlights the emerging risk factors and approaches for high-risk group identification and treatment. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Sabayan, Behnam Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Curing Coma Campaign and the Future of Coma Research
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 393-402 DOI: 10.1055/a-1887-7104Recovery from coma or disordered consciousness is a central issue in patients with acute brain injuries such as stroke, trauma, cardiac arrest, and brain infections. Yet, major gaps remain in the scientific underpinnings of coma and this has led to inaccuracy in prognostication and limited interventions for coma recovery. Even so, recent studies have begun to elucidate mechanisms of consciousness early and prolonged after acute brain injury and some pilot interventions have begun to be tested. The importance and scope of this led in 2019 to the development of the Curin...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - September 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Olson, DaiWai M. Hemphill, J Claude Provencio, J Javier Vespa, Paul Mainali, Shraddha Polizzotto, Len Kim, Keri S. McNett, Molly Ziai, Wendy Suarez, Jose I. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
