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Concurrent validity of machine learning-classified functional upper extremity use from accelerometry in chronic stroke
Conclusion: Our machine learning approach provides a valid measure of functional UE use. The accuracy, validity, and small footprint of this machine learning approach makes it feasible for measurement of UE recovery in stroke rehabilitation trials.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 22, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Estimation of individual-specific progression to impending cardiovascular instability using arterial waveforms
Trauma patients with "compensated" internal hemorrhage may not be identified with standard medical monitors until signs of shock appear, at which point it may be difficult or too late to pursue life-saving interventions. We tested the hypothesis that a novel machine-learning model called the compensatory reserve index (CRI) could differentiate tolerance to acute volume loss of individuals well in advance of changes in stroke volume (SV) or standard vital signs. Two hundred one healthy humans underwent progressive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) until the onset of hemodynamic instability (decompensation). Continuously m...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - October 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Convertino, V. A., Grudic, G., Mulligan, J., Moulton, S. Tags: INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES Source Type: research

Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature
Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as action potentials and ...
Source: Physiological Reviews - July 1, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Ayata, C., Lauritzen, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature.
Abstract Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as acti...
Source: Physiological Reviews - July 1, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Ayata C, Lauritzen M Tags: Physiol Rev Source Type: research

Comparison of Compensatory Reserve During Lower Body Negative Pressure and Hemorrhage in Non-human Primates.
Abstract Compensatory reserve was measured in baboons (n=13) during hemorrhage (Hem) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) using a machine learning algorithm developed to estimate compensatory reserve by detecting reductions in central blood volume during LBNP. The algorithm calculates compensatory reserve index (CRI) from normovolemia (CRI=1) to cardiovascular decompensation (CRI=0). The hypothesis was that Hem and LBNP will elicit similar CRI values, and that CRI would have higher specificity than stroke volume (SV) in predicting decompensation. Blood was removed in four steps: 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, and 25% of...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - March 29, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hinojosa-Laborde C, Howard JT, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Convertino VA Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Comparison of compensatory reserve during lower-body negative pressure and hemorrhage in nonhuman primates
Compensatory reserve was measured in baboons (n = 13) during hemorrhage (Hem) and lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) using a machine-learning algorithm developed to estimate compensatory reserve by detecting reductions in central blood volume during LBNP. The algorithm calculates compensatory reserve index (CRI) from normovolemia (CRI = 1) to cardiovascular decompensation (CRI = 0). The hypothesis was that Hem and LBNP will elicit similar CRI values and that CRI would have higher specificity than stroke volume (SV) in predicting decompensation. Blood was removed in four steps: 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, and 25% of total blood ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - May 31, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hinojosa-Laborde, C., Howard, J. T., Mulligan, J., Grudic, G. Z., Convertino, V. A. Tags: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis Source Type: research

Central Hypovolemia Detection During Environmental Stress —A Role for Artificial Intelligence?
The first step to exercise is preceded by the required assumption of the upright body position, which itself involves physical activity. The gravitational displacement of blood from the chest to the lower parts of the body elicits a fall in central blood volume (CBV), which corresponds to the fraction of thoracic blood volume directly available to the left ventricle. The reduction in CBV and stroke volume (SV) in response to postural stress, post-exercise, or to blood loss results in reduced left ventricular filling, which may manifest as orthostatic intolerance. When termination of exercise removes the leg muscle pump fun...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 15, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research