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Progressive Ataxia and Downbeat Nystagmus in the Adult
A 63-year-old man presented with a history of vomiting, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy, alcohol use, and stroke; physical examination found appendicular dysmetria with truncal ataxia and downbeat nystagmus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hyperintensity on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences without reduced diffusion in the cerebellar nodule. What is your diagnosis?
Source: JAMA Neurology - May 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Microbleeds, Cognition and Therapeutic Implications
A recent major clinical advance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is the development of paramagnetic-sensitive sequences such as T2-weighted gradient-recalled echo and susceptibility-weighted images for the detection of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). On brain MRI, CMBs are small (≤5 to 10 mm in diameter), round, dark-signaled lesions that consist of extravasation of blood components through fragile microvascular walls that neuropathologically represent hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Magnetic resonance imaging–detected CMBs are common in elderly individuals, coexist with ischemic stroke and intracerebral he...
Source: JAMA Neurology - June 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research