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Common Carotid Artery Diameter and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and MortalityNovelty and Significance Epidemiology/Population
Carotid arterial diameter enlargement is a manifestation of arterial remodeling and may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association between carotid artery diameter and risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality and explored whether the associations could be explained by processes involved in arterial remodeling, that is, blood pressure–related media thickening, arterial stiffness, arterial wall stress, and atherosclerosis. We included 4887 participants (mean age 67±9 years; 54% women) from 4 cohort studies: Rotterdam Study, NEPHROTEST, Hoorn Study, and a stud...
Source: Hypertension - June 13, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sanaz Sedaghat, Thomas T. van Sloten, Stephane Laurent, Gerard M. London, Bruno Pannier, Maryam Kavousi, Francesco Mattace–Raso, Oscar H. Franco, Pierre Boutouyrie, M. Arfan Ikram, Coen D.A. Stehouwer Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Ultrasound, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Vascular Activation in Postmenopausal Women With Histories of PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance Preeclampsia
This study examined an association between pregnancy history and CVR using a subgroup of 40 age- and parity-matched pairs of women having histories of preeclampsia (n=27) or normotensive pregnancy (n=29) and the association of activated blood elements with CVR. Middle cerebral artery velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound before and during hypercapnia to assess CVR. Thirty-eight parameters of blood cellular elements, microvesicles, and cell–cell interactions measured in venous blood were assessed for association with CVR using principal component analysis. Middle cerebral artery velocity was lower in the preeclampsi...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jill N. Barnes, Ronee E. Harvey, Kathleen B. Miller, Muthuvel Jayachandran, Katherine R. Malterer, Brian D. Lahr, Kent R. Bailey, Michael J. Joyner, Virginia M. Miller Tags: Physiology, Preeclampsia, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

Angiogenic Markers and Cardiovascular Indices in the Prediction of Hypertensive Disorders of PregnancyNovelty and Significance Preeclampsia
We examined a cohort of 110 pregnant women with uneventful pregnancy outcome (controls) and 129 with hypertensive pregnancy disorders, including 77 with preeclampsia and 52 with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Cardiac indices were obtained with a USCOM-1A monitor, and soluble fms-like tyrosin kinase 1, placental growth factor, and NT-proBNP were measured in serum samples on automated platforms. Logistic regression, as well as Cox proportional hazard analysis, was performed. There were significant contributions from all variables tested, except for heart rate, stroke volume index, and cardiac index to the prediction model. ...
Source: Hypertension - May 10, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Stefan Verlohren, Frank H. Perschel, Baskaran Thilaganathan, Lisa Antonia Droge, Wolfgang Henrich, Andreas Busȷahn, Asma Khalil Tags: Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Echocardiography, Ultrasound Original Articles Source Type: research

Abstract P114: Mas Receptor Deficiency Increases Diastolic Blood Pressure and Reduces Cardiac Function in Obese Female Mice Session Title: Poster Session 1- Trainee Onsite Poster Competition and Reception
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MasR deficiency promotes elevated diastolic blood pressures and reduced cardiac function in obese female mice, suggesting that the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis protects females from obesity-hypertension. Moreover, these results suggest that MasR agonists may be effective therapies for obesity-associated cardiovascular conditions.
Source: Hypertension - November 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, Y., Shoemaker, R., Thatcher, S., Cassis, L. Tags: Session Title: Poster Session 1- Trainee Onsite Poster Competition and Reception Source Type: research

Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Associated With Cerebral Blood Flow Dysregulation, Mobility Impairment, and Falls in Older Adults Endothelium
Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) is associated with hypertension, vascular inflammation, and systemic endothelial dysfunction. We evaluated whether elevated plasma sVCAM-1 is associated with impaired cerebrovascular function and mobility impairments in elderly people. We studied the cross-sectional relationships between plasma sVCAM-1 level, gait speed, and cerebrovascular hemodynamics, and its longitudinal relationship with falls in 680 community-dwelling participants aged ≥65 years in the Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston Study. Falls we...
Source: Hypertension - July 8, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tchalla, A. E., Wellenius, G. A., Travison, T. G., Gagnon, M., Iloputaife, I., Dantoine, T., Sorond, F. A., Lipsitz, L. A. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Pathophysiology Endothelium Source Type: research

Relationship Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Blood Pressure in Long-Term Heart Transplant Recipients Cerebral Blood Flow
Heart transplant recipients are at an increased risk for cerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke; yet, the exact mechanism for this derangement remains unclear. We hypothesized that alterations in cerebrovascular regulation is principally involved. To test this hypothesis, we studied cerebral pressure-flow dynamics in 8 clinically stable male heart transplant recipients (62±8 years of age and 9±7 years post transplant, mean±SD), 9 male age-matched controls (63±8 years), and 10 male donor controls (27±5 years). To increase blood pressure variability and improve assessment of the pressure-f...
Source: Hypertension - November 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Smirl, J. D., Haykowsky, M. J., Nelson, M. D., Tzeng, Y.-C., Marsden, K. R., Jones, H., Ainslie, P. N. Tags: Doppler ultrasound, Transcranial Doppler etc. Cerebral Blood Flow Source Type: research

Applanation Tonometry in Mice: A Novel Noninvasive Technique to Assess Pulse Wave Velocity and Arterial Stiffness Arterial Stiffness
Arterial stiffening is the root cause of a range of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, renal failure, dementia, and death, and a hallmark of the aging process. The most important in vivo parameter of arterial stiffness is pulse wave velocity (PWV). Clinically, PWV is determined noninvasively using applanation tonometry. Unlike the clinical value of arterial stiffness and PWV, techniques to determine PWV in mice are scarce. The only way to determine aortic PWV noninvasively in the mouse is by using ultrasound echo Doppler velocimetry. It is a fast, efficient,...
Source: Hypertension - June 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Leloup, A. J. A., Fransen, P., Van Hove, C. E., Demolder, M., De Keulenaer, G. W., Schrijvers, D. M. Tags: Other diagnostic testing, Other Research Arterial Stiffness Source Type: research

Abstract 614: Premenopausal Women May Not Be Protected Against Early Vascular Disease In The Presence Of Diabetes. Poster Session II
CONCLUSION: In our population, diabetic women after age 40 should be considered at possibly high risk of cardiovascular events compared with a non-diabetic group. Direct assessment of atherosclerotic burden, such as TPA, should be used early in this population, even in the presence of menstrual cycles, instead of relying on traditional risk scores.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Garcia, N. H., Perez, H. A., Spence, J. D., Armando, L. J. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research

Abstract 615: Progression Of Atherosclerosis Plaque Area In Postmenopausal Women During Controlled Traditional Risk Factors Poster Session II
Conclusion, these results indicate that in the presence of controlled traditional risk factors, atherosclerosis may progress in some patients, including in menopausal women. Additional promoters of atherosclerosis should be evaluated in these progressive patients or possibly more intensive treatment should be used in such patients.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Perez, H. A., Garcia, N. H., Spence, J. D., Armando, L. J. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research