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Sleep disorders and disrupted sleep in addiction, withdrawal and abstinence with focus on alcohol and opioids
Sleep is very important for our physical and mental health. Sleep disturbances increase risk of substance use disorders as well as risk of onset and worsening of medical and other primary psychiatric problems like diabetes, kidney disease, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and depression [1,2]. Substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and opioids can cause or exacerbate sleep disturbances [3,4] leading to even greater problems with our health in addition to the consequences of substance use [1,2].
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: William-Bernard Reid-Varley, Caridad Ponce-Martinez, Khurshid A. Khurshid Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

The dynamics of Poststroke depression among Ghanaians
The very few published data on post-stroke depression (PSD) among indigenous Africans have covered its prevalence and predictors. We sought to evaluate the dynamics of PSD in a cohort of Ghanaian stroke survivors followed for 9  months after an acute stroke.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - July 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Fred Stephen Sarfo, Manolo Agbenorku, Sheila Adamu, Vida Obese, Patrick Berchie, Bruce Ovbiagele, On behalf of PINGS Study investigators Source Type: research

Post-stroke depression: Risk assessment
Sarfo et al. conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate factors for post-stroke depression (PSD) in 200 patients with stroke [1]. The authors used multivariate logistic regression analyses, and the number of patients with depression was 73. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of the Modified Rankin scale and being divorced for PSD were 1.85 (1.28 –2.69) and 2.82 (1.18–6.71), respectively. I have some concerns about their study.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - February 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Tomoyuki Kawada Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Response by Sarfo and Ovbiagele to letter regarding “Post-stroke depression: Risk assessment”
We sincerely thank Dr. Kawada for his interest in our study on Post-stroke depression in Ghana: characteristics and correlates [1]. The correspondents' main point centered on not using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria in our study to corroborate the diagnosis of depression after using the two validated screening instruments namely the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and the Geriatric depression scale (GDS). Our approach was informed by previous studies [2,3] which utilized only screening instruments to identify participants with depression without recourse to a st...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - February 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Fred S. Sarfo, Bruce Ovbiagele Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Post-stroke depression in Ghana: Characteristics and correlates
Poststroke depression (PSD) is prevalent and is an important determinant of functional recovery, quality of life and mortality after stroke. Scanty data on the nature of PSD among stroke survivors in sub-Saharan Africa prompted this study.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - June 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Fred Stephen Sarfo, Carolyn Jenkins, Arti Singh, Mayowa Owolabi, Akin Ojagbemi, Nathaniel Adusei, Raelle Saulson, Bruce Ovbiagele Source Type: research

Management of post-stroke depression in the Middle East and North Africa: Too little is known
Stroke is among the most common disabilities among adults and most stroke victims live in developing countries. However, little is known about services delivered in these countries for post-stroke depression, a common comorbidity that influences functional outcomes of stroke. In this paper, a physician from Syria reviews the literature on post-stroke depression among patients living in countries of the Middle East and North Africa region in order to examine whether current practices can be improved.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - May 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: M. Ihsan Kaadan, Mary Jo Larson Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Akinetic mutism in a patient with acute infarcts in the bilateral substantia nigra
Akinetic mutism is defined as an extreme form of behavioral abnormalities relating to reduced activity and slowness [1]. The pathophysiology of akinetic mutism is explained by neural interruptions in the frontal-subcortical circuit that impact the dopaminergic system [2]. The frontal subcortical circuit includes the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior thalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, internal capsule, and substantia nigra [3]. Therefore, most patients displaying symptoms of akinetic mutism experience neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions such as advanced Alzheimer's disease, Creutzfeld-Jakob's disease, Pic...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Hyun Ah Kim, Sooyeoun You Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Letter by Huang regarding the article, “Statin use increases the risk of depressive disorder in stroke patients: A population-based study”
I read with interest the article by Kang et al. which evaluated the risk for depressive disorder (DD) among stroke patients with statin use [1]. In a retrospective cohort study including 11,218 Chinese patients who had a first-time acute hospitalization for stroke in Taiwan, the authors followed each study subject for a 1-year period, finding that regular statin use was positively associated with the occurrence of DD following stroke. Their findings seem interesting, but I would like to raise 2 concerns.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Jian Huang Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

Letter by Huang regarding article, ''Statin use increases the risk of depressive disorder in stroke patients: a population-based study''
We read with interest the article by Kang et al which evaluated the risk for depressive disorder (DD) among stroke patients with statin use [1]. In a retrospective cohort study including 11,218 Chinese patients who had a first-time acute hospitalization for stroke in Taiwan, the authors followed each study subject for a 1-year period, finding that regular statin use was positively associated with the occurrence of DD following stroke. Their findings seem interesting, but I would like to raise 2 concerns.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Jian Huang Source Type: research

Autonomic dysfunction in acute ischemic stroke: an underexplored therapeutic area?
Impaired autonomic function, characterized by a predominance of sympathetic activity, is common in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This review describes methods to measure autonomic dysfunction in stroke patients. It summarizes a potential relationship between ischemic stroke-associated autonomic dysfunction and factors that have been associated with worse outcome, including cardiac complications, blood pressure variability changes, hyperglycemia, immune depression, sleep disordered breathing, thrombotic effects, and malignant edema.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sylvie De Raedt, Aurelie De Vos, Jacques De Keyser Source Type: research

Statin Use Increases the Risk of Depressive Disorder in Stroke Patients: A Population-Based Study
This study aimed to explore the risk for depressive disorder (DD) among stroke patients with statin use. Totally, 11,218 patients who had a first-time acute hospitalization for stroke were identified from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. We individually followed each study subject for a 1-year period to identify those patients who were subsequently diagnosed with DD during the follow-up period. We found that the incidence rate of DD during the 1-year follow-up period was 5.52 (95% CI: 4.70~6.43) and 3.46 (95% CI: 3.08~3.88) per 100 person-years for stroke patients who were statin users and nonusers, respectively.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - November 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jiunn-Horng Kang, Li-Ting Kao, Herng-Ching Lin, Ming-Chieh Tsai, Shiu-Dong Chung Source Type: research

Poststroke depression and its multifactorial nature: Results from a prospective longitudinal study
Poststroke depression (PSD) is commonly observed in stroke patients and has a negative impact on functional outcome and quality of life. Therefore, a prospective, longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted aiming to determine prevalence and risk factors for PSD at 1,3,6,12 and 18months poststroke.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 2, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: A. De Ryck, E. Fransen, R. Brouns, M. Geurden, D. Peij, P. Mariën, P.P. De Deyn, S. Engelborghs Source Type: research

Pilot assessment of a comfort scale in stroke patients
Conclusions: The scale can help to define difficulties in daily living situations and identify opportunities for intervention in stroke patients.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - February 18, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Caroline Rogeau, Franck Beaucamp, Etienne Allart, Walter Daveluy, Marc Rousseaux Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Characteristics of anxiety and psychological well-being in chronic post-stroke patients
Conclusion: Post-stroke anxiety can be a largely observed psychological distress in chronic patients: this pattern would be interpreted in relation to patients' expectations about their health status during a rehabilitation follow-up. SF-36 and PGWBI questionnaires did not provide satisfactory and reliable indexes: the relation between anxiety and both quality of life and psychological well-being needs further exploration.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Guido Edoardo D’Aniello, Federica Scarpina, Alessandro Mauro, Ileana Mori, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Matteo Bigoni, Silvia Baudo, Enrico Molinari Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Employment status, social function decline and caregiver burden among stroke survivors. A South Indian study
Conclusions: Loss of occupation among stroke survivors is high. The decline in social function among stroke survivors and caregivers was significant. Even though functional disability contributed to employment loss and social function decline among stroke survivors, it did not have a significant impact on caregiver burden.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - July 29, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Sapna Erat Sreedharan, J.P. Unnikrishnan, M.G. Amal, B.S. Shibi, Sankara Sarma, P.N. Sylaja Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

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