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NOTCH3 C201R variant causes cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) that can be confused with early-onset Alzheimer's disease
NOTCH3 is the causative gene for autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) which is associated with both stroke and dementia. When CADASIL presents primarily as dementia it can be difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD) at both the clinical and neuropathological levels.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Olena Korvatska, Stephanie A. Bucks, Rebecca A. Yoda, Amber Nolan, Michael O. Dorschner, Debby Tsuang, Suman Jayadev, Wendy H. Raskind, Thomas D. Bird Source Type: research

Prestroke cognitive decline in africans: Prevalence, predictors and association with poststroke dementia
Pre-existing cognitive decline is a risk factor for stroke onset and poststroke dementia. There is a knowledge gap on prestroke cognitive decline in indigenous Africans. We estimated prevalence and predictors of prestroke cognitive decline, as well as its association with poststroke dementia at one year in Nigerian survivors of a first ever stroke.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Akin Ojagbemi, Toyin Bello, Mayowa Owolabi, Olusegun Baiyewu Source Type: research

Post-stroke dementia and permanent institutionalization
Dementia is among the most frequent causes of institutionalization. To serve the purpose of preventive strategies, there are no follow-up studies that have evaluated the actual impact of post-stroke dementia on institutionalization. We therefore compared the institutionalization rate and length of stay in an institutional care facility of patients with post-stroke dementia with stroke patients without dementia.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Gerli Sibolt, Sami Curtze, Hanna Jokinen, Tarja Pohjasvaara, Markku Kaste, Pekka J. Karhunen, Timo Erkinjuntti, Susanna Melkas, Niku K.J. Oksala Source Type: research

Genetic and NONGENETIC factors associated with CADASIL: A retrospective cohort study
Objective: To explore the role of cardiovascular risk factors and the different NOTCH-3 mutations to explain the variability observed in the clinical presentation of CADASIL.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 331 individuals, 90 were carriers of four mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. These four mutations are the ones identified in our region from the genetic evaluation of probands. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate the effect of genetic and cardiovascular factors on the onset of migraine, first stroke, and dementia.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Carolina Ospina, Joseph F. Arboleda-Velasquez, Daniel Camilo Aguirre-Acevedo, Yesica Zuluaga-Casta ño, Lina Velilla, Gloria P. Garcia, Yakeel T. Quiroz, M.D. Francisco Lopera Source Type: research

An Italian family carrying a new mutation in the COL4A1 gene
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a group of pathologies affecting small arteries, arterioles, capillaries and small veins in the brain [1]. Neurological findings include cognitive impairment, dysfunction of gait and balance, mood disorders, increased risk of stroke and dementia. Cerebral SVD is driven by a complex mix of environmental and genetic risk factors; both familial and sporadic conditions have been reported [2]. Mutations in the NOTCH3, HTRA1, COL4A1, COL4A2 and TREX1A genes are known to cause the familial forms of SVD [2].
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - March 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Russo, A.M. Pinto, D. Lopergolo, A. Renieri, C. Battisti Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Vascular-brain Injury Progression after Stroke (VIPS) study: concept for understanding racial and geographic determinants of cognitive decline after stroke
Cognitive impairment and dementia (CID) are major public health problems with substantial personal, social, and financial burdens. African Americans are at a heightened risk for Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) compared to European Americans. Recent lines of evidence also suggest a high burden of Post-stroke VCI among indigenous Africans. A better understanding of the cause(s) of the racial disparity in CID, specifically VCI, is needed in order to develop strategies to reduce it.We propose and discuss the conceptual framework for a unique tri-population, trans-continental study titled The Vascular brain Injury Progressi...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - February 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Fred Stephen Sarfo, Rufus Akinyemi, George Howard, Virginia J. Howard, Kolawole Wahab, Mary Cushman, Deborah A. Levine, Adesola Ogunniyi, Fred Unverzagt, Mayowa Owolabi, Bruce Ovbiagele Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

The role of cerebral microbleeds in the incidence of post-stroke dementia
Microbleeds are a marker of cerebrovascular disease however its role in incident post-stroke dementia (PSD) remains unclear. We investigated whether microbleeds are associated with incident PSD, domain-specific cognitive impairment and cognitive decline over a 2-year follow-up; and whether microbleeds interact with acute stroke-related infarcts to synergistically affect cognitive outcomes. In a cohort of patients with first-episode mild ischemic stroke and no pre-stroke dementia, we found patients with 3 or more mixed microbleeds (presence of both lobar and deep) were 4 times more at risk of developing PSD compared to pati...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - February 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Chathuri Yatawara, Anne Cristine Guevarra, Kok Pin Ng, Russell Chander, Bonnie Yin Ka Lam, Adrian Wong, Vincent Mok, Nagaendran Kandiah Source Type: research

Can transcranial Doppler ultrasound be used for screening cerebral small vessel diseases in the community?
Elderly persons harbouring severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH), a radiological manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), have an increased risk of dementia, stroke and poor functional outcomes. A simple screening tool will enhance their recruitment into preventive trials for SVD. We explored the clinical utility of the pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), obtained from transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), in identifying severe WMH among community elderly persons with vascular risk factors.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Candy Kang, Adrian Wong, Jianhui Fu, Xu Qun, Wenyan Liu, Zhaolu Wang, Shi Lin, Pauline Kwan, Eugene Lo, Lisa W.C. Au, Ho Ko, Alexander Y.L. Lau, Thomas W.H. Leung, Jill Abrigo, Winnie C.W. Chu, Vincent C.T. Mok, Bonnie Y.K. Lam Source Type: research

Fall risk in stroke survivors: Effects of stroke plus dementia and reduced motor functional capacity
Despite extensive research on falls among individuals with stroke, little is known regarding the impact of neurological conditions with comorbid diagnoses and motor functional capacity on the risk of falls in these individuals. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the fall risk and the contribution of reduced motor functional capacity to fall risk in individuals with stroke, dementia, and stroke plus dementia.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Daniel Whitney, Aviroop Dutt-Mazumder, Mark D. Peterson, Chandramouli Krishnan Source Type: research

Stroke severity predicts poststroke delirium and its association with dementia: Longitudinal observation from a low income setting
The effect of delirium on stroke outcome has not been quantified in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the prevalence of delirium occurring within one week of stroke in Nigerian survivors and its association with dementia and mortality at 3months.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - February 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Akin Ojagbemi, Mayowa Owolabi, Toyin Bello, Olusegun Baiyewu Source Type: research

Association between infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with vascular dementia
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hp infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with VD.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yuzhen Xu, Qian Wang, Yunlin Liu, Ruiting Cui, Kaili Lu, Yuwu Zhao Source Type: research

Trends in Stroke Admission and Mortality Rates from 1983 to 2013 in Central Ghana
Accumulating data based on model-derived estimates suggest rising rates of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa over the next several decades. Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and dementia worldwide. Directly enumerated hospital-based data on the longitudinal trajectory of stroke admissions and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa could help hospital administrators, public health officials, and government policy-makers with planning and utilization of scarce resources.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 3, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Fred S. Sarfo, John Akassi, Dominic Awuah, Sheila Adamu, Clara Nkyi, Mayowa Owolabi, Bruce Ovbiagele Source Type: research

Rapidly progressive dementia with false-positive PCR in CSF. A case of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy
Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological syndrome of unknown aetiology coursing with encephalopathy associated to elevated titters of anti-thyroid autoantibodies [1]. It was first described by Brain et al. in 1966 [2] in reporting a patient affected by an autoimmune thyroid disease who had recurrent stroke-like episodes that appeared independently of the thyroid status.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - June 3, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: R. Robles-Cedeño, J. Gich, D. Genís Batlle, Ll. Ramió-Torrentà Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Rapidly progressive dementia with false-positive PCR in CSF. A case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological syndrome of unknown aetiology coursing with encephalopathy associated to elevated titters of anti-thyroid autoantibodies [1]. It was first described by Brain et al. in 1966 [2] in reporting a patient affected by an autoimmune thyroid disease who had recurrent stroke-like episodes that appeared independently of the thyroid status.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - June 3, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: R. Robles-Cedeño, J. Gich, D. Genís Batlle, Ll. Ramió-Torrentà Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease manifesting as stroke mimic in a 78-year-old patient: Pitfalls and tips in the diagnosis
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a transmissible, progressive and fatal spongiform encephalopathy [1] caused by brain accumulation/deposition of misfolded proteins called prions [2]. The cardinal manifestations of the disease are rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus and periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) on EEG [3]. However, recent findings show that CJD is more heterogeneous than expected and the spectrum of the disease broadened to include uncommon variants [4–6].
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - September 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Valentina Damato, Cristina Cuccagna, Emanuele M. Costantini, Simona Gaudino, Cesare Colosimo, Piero Parchi, Serenella Servidei, Marco Luigetti Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

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