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How to fail with paired VNS therapy
We present a discussion of the concepts that underlie VNS therapy and an anthology of studies that describe conditions in which these concepts are violated and VNS fails.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Seth A. Hays, Robert L. Rennaker, Michael P. Kilgard Source Type: research

Accelerated rTMS and cognitive training in chronic stroke: a safety and feasibility study
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Holly Fleischmann, James Lopez, Kevin Caulfield, Stephanie Fountain-Zeragoza, Andreana Benitez, Mark George, Michael Antonucci, Hesheng Liu, Lisa McTeague Source Type: research

Clinical effects of immersive multimodal bci-vr training after bilateral stimulation with rtms on upper limb motor recovery after stroke
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Francisco Jos é Sánchez Cuesta, Aida Arroyo Ferrer, Yeray González Zamorano, Athanasios Vourvopoulos, Sergi Bermúdez i Badia, Patricia Figuereido, José Ignacio Serrano, Juan Pablo Romero Muñoz Source Type: research

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Strategy to Augment Stroke Rehabilitation
Neural plasticity supports recovery after neurological injury. Strategies that enhance adaptive neural plasticity in conjunction with rehabilitation hold promise to substantially improve recovery of motor and sensory function after neurological damage. We have developed an innovative method using brief bursts of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitative training to enhance plasticity in motor circuits. VNS drives phasic activation of plasticity-enhancing neuromodulatory systems which augment rehabilitation-dependent plasticity.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Hays Source Type: research

NIBS to restore visual field deficit
Not surprisingly, the loss of visual function has a dramatic impact on an individuals quality of life and independence. Cortical visual field deficit is a well-known complication of stroke, with an incidence reported as at least 20% in stroke stroke patients. Traditional rehabilitation approaches include optical aids, eye training or visual field restitution therapies. All these techniques have shown large limitations in reducing scotoma and provide an insufficient amount of improvement transferable to the every-day life.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: E. Raffin Source Type: research

Development of Closed-loop Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) as a Neurorehabilitation Tool
Background: Motor rehabilitation training is considered the optimal method in reducing motor impairments in patients with brain injury. Noninvasive brain stimulation has recently demonstrated promise as a potential adjunct to enhance the outcomes of conventional post-stroke motor rehabilitation. Specifically, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) paired with oromotor therapy to learn feeding behavior (Badran Jenkins, 2018) has emerged as a novel therapeutic avenue. Synchronization of taVNS with the specific motor behavior is believed to be critical to patient outcomes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: B. Badran, D. Jenkins, W. DeVries, M. Dancy, D. Cook, G. Mappin, M. George Source Type: research

Low frequency rTMS combined with visual scanning training in patients with post-stroke visuospatial neglect. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Background: Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is defined as a failure to detect, orient or respond to stimuli located in space contralateral to the side of the brain lesion and occurs most frequently after right hemisphere damage. VSN may arise as a consequence of the inter-hemispheric imbalance of neural activity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows the balance between two hemispheres to be re-established.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - October 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Szczepan Iwa ński, Marcin Leśniak, Katarzyna Polanowska, Jan Bembenek, Wojciech Czepiel, Joanna Seniów Source Type: research

Cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation improves gait and balance in stroke survivors: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) is delivered using a Portable Neuromodulation Stimulation (PoNS ™) device that stimulates two cranial nerve nuclei (trigeminal and facial nerve nuclei) using electrodes embedded in a mouthpiece that rests on the tongue. Danilov and colleagues reported that prolonged and repetitive (20 minutes or more) tongue stimulation coupled with specific training of balanc e and gait can initiate long-lasting neuronal reorganization that can be measured in participants' behaviour [1].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - September 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Mary P. Galea, L. Eduardo Cofr é Lizama, Andisheh Bastani, Maya G. Panisset, Fary Khan Source Type: research

BDNF Val66Met but not transcranial direct current stimulation affects motor learning after stroke
tDCS is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has been reported to improve motor skill learning after stroke. However, the contribution of tDCS to motor skill learning has only been investigated in a small number of studies. In addition, it is unclear if tDCS effects are mediated by activity-dependent BDNF release and dependent on timing of tDCS relative to training.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Rick van der Vliet, Gerard M. Ribbers, Yves Vandermeeren, Maarten A. Frens, Ruud W. Selles Source Type: research

Optimal transcranial direct current stimulation polarity for enhancing motor recovery from severe post-stroke hemiparesis
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to enhance outcomes of motor training for subjects with mild to moderate post-stroke motor deficit. To determine which tDCS configuration optimizes motor training in cases of severe post-stroke hemiparesis ( ≤ 19 out of 60, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) upper extremity motor score), this study randomized 26 subjects to 1 of 4 conditions: 1) “anodal” (anodal tDCS to the ipsilesional motor cortex); 2) “cathodal” (cathodal tDCS to the contralesional motor cortex); 3) “dual” (anodal tDCS to the ipsilesional motor cortex and cathodal tDCS to the contrales...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - June 18, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Elizabeth Powell, Cheryl Carrico, Kenneth Chelette, Laurie Nichols, Lumy Sawaki Source Type: research

Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates reading training in participants with post-stroke central alexia
Introduction: Central alexia is an acquired reading disorder co-occurring with a generalised language deficit (aphasia). We tested the effects of anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation targeted at the left inferior frontal gyrus applied in conjunction with a reading training App, called iReadMore, designed to improve word reading accuracy.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: S.J. Kerry, Z.V.J. Woodhead, O.M. Aguilar, Y. Ong Hoon, J.S. Hogan, K. Pappa, A.P. Leff, J. Crinion Source Type: research

Neurorehabilitation treatment of dysphagia after-stroke with transcranial direct current stimulation: A clinical case
Introduction: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has been presented in the last years as a potential adjuvant neurorehabilitation tool that has shown positive effects in a variety of motor diseases. Hence, in our study, we tested whereas Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation applied together with swallowing training could benefit a resistant-treatment patient with dysphagia after stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: A. S ánchez-Kuhn, Y. Medina, M. Pérez-García, M. Martínez-Sola, P. De Haro, P. Flores, F. Sánchez-Santed Source Type: research

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with treadmill training on functional mobility in stroke survivors
Introduction: Compromised gait is an important functional limitation among stroke survivors. Treadmill training is used to improve the gait pattern in this population. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can easily be combined with motor training and is believed to potentiate gains achieved during the rehabilitation process.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: A.J.L. Dumont, R.D. Lazzari, J.B.P. Lopes, R.C.F. Moura, H. Pasin Neto, L.V.F. Oliveira, C.S. Oliveira Source Type: research

Intervention induced intra-cortical plasticity in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke
Introduction: Clinical trials are demonstrating efficacy of intensive hand training and/or brain stimulation therapies in improving hand function in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke. However, high variability in individual responsiveness exists and the underlying neuroplasticity mechanisms responsible are virtually unknown. The neurophysiology of motor cortex (M1) and how it changes with therapeutic neuromodulation may provide valuable biomarkers for advancing treatments, patient selection, and personalized medicine.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: H.C. Kuo, E. Zewdie, P. Ciechanski, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Boosting recovery of vision loss in post-acute stroke with tDCS – A pilot Study
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke usually results in visual field defects varying in size and extent of the blind field. Vision restoration training (VRT) may reduce the visual field impairment. Combined application of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over visual cortex together with VRT indicates that tDCS may accelerate VRT-effects in the post-acute stage. We investigated safety, applicability and efficacy in 7 post-acute PCA stroke patients and compared their visual field changes to 7 control subject who were matched with respect to lesion-age and defect-size and underwent standard rehabilitation.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: R. Alber, H. Moser, B.A. Sabel, Gall C Source Type: research

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