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One Pill for Everyone? Twenty Years of Polypill for Cardiovascular Disease
The concept of the polypill was first proposed in 2003 as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk by combining multiple therapeutic agents into a single daily pill. Wald and Law estimated that a combination of a statin, thiazide diuretic, β blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, folic acid, and aspirin could reduce ischemic heart disease events and stroke by 88% and 80%, respectively.1 Because rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain high worldwide, the polypill or fixed dose combination strategy is viewed as a potential method to reduce barriers to adequate medical care.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - July 26, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rebecca J.C. Tran Source Type: research

Relation of Cardiovascular Events and Deaths to Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Among Statin-Treated Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
This study describes subsequent cardiovascular events and deaths by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) receiving moderate to high-intensity statins. Olmsted County, MN residents with index ASCVD (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary revascularization, ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack) occurring between 2005-2012 were identified, and those with a prescription for a moderate- or high-intensity statin and an LDL-C measurement in the 90 days after index were included.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - March 7, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alanna M. Chamberlain, Sarah S. Cohen, Susan A. Weston, Kathleen M. Fox, Pin Xiang, Jill M. Killian, Yi Qian Source Type: research

Relationship between Statin Use and Outcomes in Patients Having Cardiac Arrest (From a Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan)
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of statin use before cardiac arrest on outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. Medical records of 142,131 adult patients who experienced non-traumatic cardiac arrest and were resuscitated between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - February 22, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chien-Hua Huang, Ping-Hsun Yu, Min-Shan Tsai, Hui-Chun Huang, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wei-Tien Chang, Chao-Hsiun Tang, Wen-Jone Chen Source Type: research

Willingness to be Re-initiated on a Statin (From the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke REGARDS Study)
Guidelines recommend attempting to re-initiate statins in patients who discontinue treatment. Prior experiences while taking a statin, including side effects, may reduce a person's willingness to re-initiate treatment. We determined the percentage of adults who are willing to re-initiate statin therapy after treatment discontinuation. Factors associated with willingness to re-initiate a statin were also examined. A statin questionnaire was administered and study examination conducted among black and white US adults enrolled in the nationwide REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study between 2013 and 2017.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - June 2, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Matthew T. Mefford, Gabriel S. Tajeu, Rikki M. Tanner, Lisandro D. Colantonio, Keri L. Monda, Ricardo Dent, Michael E. Farkouh, Robert S. Rosenson, Monika M. Safford, Paul Muntner Source Type: research

Willingness to be Reinitiated on a Statin (from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study)
Guidelines recommend attempting to reinitiate statins in patients who discontinue treatment. Previous experiences while taking a statin, including side effects, may reduce a patient ’s willingness to reinitiate treatment. We determined the percentage of adults who are willing to reinitiate statin therapy after treatment discontinuation. Factors associated with willingness to reinitiate a statin were also examined. A statin questionnaire was administered and study examination conducted in black and white US adults enrolled in the nationwide REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study from 2013 to 2017.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - June 2, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Matthew T. Mefford, Gabriel S. Tajeu, Rikki M. Tanner, Lisandro D. Colantonio, Keri L. Monda, Ricardo Dent, Michael E. Farkouh, Robert S. Rosenson, Monika M. Safford, Paul Muntner Source Type: research

Effect of Addition of a Statin to Warfarin on Thromboembolic Events in Japanese Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes Mellitus
Statins have been shown to decrease stroke risk in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, but not to prevent recurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The present subanalysis aimed to clarify the efficacy of combined use of warfarin and statins in nonvalvular AF (NVAF) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension. The effects of adding statins to warfarin were compared with those of warfarin alone in NVAF patients with the data set of J-RHYTHM Registry, a prospective, observational study with a 2-year follow-up.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - April 26, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Naoko Kumagai, John A. Nusser, Hiroshi Inoue, Ken Okumura, Takeshi Yamashita, Toru Kubo, Hiroaki Kitaoka, Hideki Origasa, Hirotsugu Atarashi, J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators Source Type: research

Metabolic Markers to Predict Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Statin-Treated Patients (From the Treating to New Targets (TNT) and the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Trials)
The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the ability of insulin resistance, identified by the presence of prediabetes mellitus (PreDM) combined with either an elevated triglyceride (TG>1.7mmol/L) or body mass index (BMI> 27.0 kg/m2), to identify increased risk of statin-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, a retrospective analysis of data from non-diabetic individuals in the TNT and SPARCL randomized controlled trials was performed, subdividing participants into 4 experimental groups: 1) normal fasting glucose (NFG) and TG ≤ 1.7 mmol/L (42%); 2) NFG and TG> 1.7 mmol/L (22%); 3) PreDM and TG ≤ 1.7 ...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 11, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Payal Kohli, Joshua W. Knowles, Ashish Sarraju, David D. Waters, Gerald Reaven Source Type: research

Relation Between Change in Renal Function and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Atorvastatin-Treated Patients (From the Treating to New Targets TNT Study)
Statins may have nephroprotective as well as cardioprotective effects in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study (NCT00327691), patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were randomized to atorvastatin 10- or 80-mg/day and followed for 4.9 years. The relationship between intra-study change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline and the risk of major cardiovascular events (MCVE, defined as CHD death, nonfatal non-procedure-related myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest or fatal or nonfatal stroke) was assessed among 9500 patients stratified by renal...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - January 28, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: James Shepherd, Andrei Breazna, Prakash C. Deedwania, John C. LaRosa, Nanette K. Wenger, Michael Messig, Daniel J. Wilson, Treating to New Targets Steering Committee and Investigators Source Type: research

Impact of High-Dose Atorvastatin Therapy and Clinical Risk Factors on Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease (from TNT, IDEAL, and SPARCL)
Clinical trials have not provided evidence for a role of statin therapy in reducing aortic valve stenosis (AVS) severity in patients with documented AVS. However, whether statin therapy could prevent the onset of AVS is unknown. Our objectives were (1) to compare the incidence rates of AVS among patients treated with high-dose versus usual-dose statin or placebo and (2) to identify clinical risk factors associated with the development of AVS. We conducted post hoc analyses in 23,508 participants from 3 large-scale multicenter atorvastatin randomized blinded clinical trials: Treating to New Targets, the Incremental Decrease...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - February 3, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Benoit J. Arsenault, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Samia Mora, David A. DeMicco, Weihang Bao, Jean-Claude Tardif, Pierre Amarenco, Terje Pedersen, Philip Barter, David D. Waters Tags: Valvular Heart Disease Source Type: research

Prognosis of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (from the CORONOR Study)
In conclusion, the mortality rate of patients with stable CAD in modern clinical practice is similar to that of the general population and is mostly due to noncardiovascular causes.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - January 15, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Christophe Bauters, Michel Deneve, Olivier Tricot, Thibaud Meurice, Nicolas Lamblin, CORONOR Investigators Tags: Coronary Artery Disease Source Type: research

Comparison of Statin Alone Versus Bezafibrate and Statin Combination in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Coronary Syndrome
In conclusion, a significantly lower risk for 30-day MACEs was observed in statin-treated patients with DM who also received bezafibrate after ACS. Signals regarding improvement of 30-day rehospitalization and 1-year mortality rates emerged as well.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - October 24, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Robert Klempfner, Ilan Goldenberg, Enrique Z. Fisman, Shlomi Matetzky, Uri Amit, Joseph Shemesh, Alexander Tenenbaum Tags: Coronary Artery Disease Source Type: research

Safety and Effect of Very Low Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Events
In conclusion, clinical trial evidence demonstrating the efficacy and safety of LDL cholesterol lowering to a very low level is essential to ascertain the benefits and risks in reducing the residual risk of vascular disease.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: John C. LaRosa, Terje R. Pedersen, Ransi Somaratne, Scott M. Wasserman Tags: Review Source Type: research