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Stroke and coronary heart disease: predictive power of standard risk factors into old age--long-term cumulative risk study among men in Gothenburg, Sweden
Conclusion The prediction of traditional risk factors (systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and smoking status) on short-term risk (0–10 years) and long-term risk (0–35 years) of CHD of stroke differs substantially. This indicates that the cumulative risk in middle-aged men based on these traditional risk factors can effectively be used to predict CHD but not stroke to the same extent.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 7, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Giang, K. W., Bjorck, L., Novak, M., Lappas, G., Wilhelmsen, L., Toren, K., Rosengren, A. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and incident stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese communities: the JPHC Study
Conclusions In this Japanese population, SFAs intake was inversely associated with deep intraparenchymal haemorrhage and lacunar infarction and positively associated with myocardial infarction.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 21, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yamagishi, K., Iso, H., Kokubo, Y., Saito, I., Yatsuya, H., Ishihara, J., Inoue, M., Tsugane, S., for the JPHC Study Group, Sobue, Hanaoka, Ogata, Baba, Mannami, Okayama, K., Miyakawa, Saito, Koizumi, Sano, Hashimoto, Ikuta, Tanaba, Miyajima, Suzuki, Naga Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Differential effects of PCSK9 variants on risk of coronary disease and ischaemic stroke
ConclusionPCSK9 genetic variants that confer life-long lower PCSK9 and LDL-C levels appear to have significantly weaker, if any, associations with risk of IS than with risk of CHD. By contrast, similar proportional reductions in risks of IS and CHD have been observed in randomized trials of therapeutic PCSK9-inhibition. These findings have implications for our understanding of when Mendelian randomization can be relied upon to predict the effects of therapeutic interventions.
Source: European Heart Journal - July 17, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to orthostatic hypotension: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Conclusion Orthostatic hypotension is associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause death, incident CHD, HF, and stroke.
Source: European Heart Journal - July 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ricci, F., Fedorowski, A., Radico, F., Romanello, M., Tatasciore, A., Di Nicola, M., Zimarino, M., De Caterina, R. Tags: Hypertension Source Type: research

Long working hours as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: a multi-cohort study
ConclusionIndividuals who worked long hours were more likely to develop atrial fibrillation than those working standard hours.
Source: European Heart Journal - July 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia
ConclusionIn adults aged 45 –85 years AF is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and higher risk of dementia even at ages when AF incidence is low. At least in part, this was explained by incident cardiovascular disease in patients with AF.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 29, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update
This paper provides an update for 2014 on the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and in particular coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, across the countries of Europe. Cardiovascular disease causes more deaths among Europeans than any other condition, and in many countries still causes more than twice as many deaths as cancer. There is clear evidence in most countries with available data that mortality and case-fatality rates from CHD and stroke have decreased substantially over the last 5–10 years but at differing rates. The differing recent trends have therefore led to increasing inequalities in the burden...
Source: European Heart Journal - November 7, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nichols, M., Townsend, N., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. Tags: SPECIAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular disease in Europe -- epidemiological update 2015
This article provides an update for 2015 on the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a particular focus on coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, across the countries of Europe. Cardiovascular disease is still the most common cause of death within Europe, causing almost two times as many deaths as cancer across the continent. Although there is clear evidence, where data are available, that mortality from CHD and stroke has decreased substantially over the last 5–10 years, there are still large inequalities found between European countries, in both current rates of death and the rate at which these decreases...
Source: European Heart Journal - October 21, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Townsend, N., Nichols, M., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Adherence to cardiovascular therapy: a meta-analysis of prevalence and clinical consequences
Conclusion A substantial proportion of people do not adhere adequately to cardiovascular medications, and the prevalence of suboptimal adherence is similar across all individual CVD medications. Absolute and relative risk assessments demonstrate that a considerable proportion of all CVD events (~9% in Europe) could be attributed to poor adherence to vascular medications alone, and that the level of optimal adherence confers a significant inverse association with subsequent adverse outcomes. Measures to enhance adherence to help maximize the potentials of effective cardiac therapies in the clinical setting are urgently required.
Source: European Heart Journal - October 7, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chowdhury, R., Khan, H., Heydon, E., Shroufi, A., Fahimi, S., Moore, C., Stricker, B., Mendis, S., Hofman, A., Mant, J., Franco, O. H. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Trends in age-specific coronary heart disease mortality in the European Union over three decades: 1980-2009
Conclusion There is limited evidence to support the hypothesis that CHD mortality rates in younger age groups in the member states of the EU have been more likely to plateau than in older age groups. There are, however, substantial and persistent inequalities between countries. It remains vitally important for the whole EU to monitor and work towards reducing preventable risk factors for CHD and other chronic conditions to promote wellbeing and equity across the region.
Source: European Heart Journal - October 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nichols, M., Townsend, N., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. Tags: Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update
This overview provides a Europe-wide update on the current burden of cardiovascular disease, and specifically of coronary heart disease and stroke. Cardiovascular disease continues to cause a large proportion of deaths and disability in Europe, and places a substantial burden on the health care systems and economies of Europe. The overall picture, and the distribution of the burden, continues to evolve in a developing Europe. There have been major improvements in recent years on many measures of cardiovascular disease; however, these improvements have not been universal, and substantial inequalities persist.
Source: European Heart Journal - October 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nichols, M., Townsend, N., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. Tags: FASTTRACK SPECIAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular mortality in relation to birth weight of children and grandchildren in 500 000 Norwegian families
Conclusion Associations between CVD mortality in all four grandparents and grandchild birth weight exist, and while genetic and environmental factors may contribute to these, it appears that there is an important role for maternal smoking during pregnancy (and associated paternal smoking) in generating these associations. For diabetes, however, it appears that intrauterine environmental influences and genetic factors contribute to the transgenerational associations.
Source: European Heart Journal - November 21, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Naess, O., Stoltenberg, C., Hoff, D. A., Nystad, W., Magnus, P., Tverdal, A., Davey Smith, G. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Family history of premature cardiovascular disease: blood pressure control and long-term mortality outcomes in hypertensive patients
Conclusion Our study suggests that despite earlier referral and treatment of individuals with a positive family history of premature CVD, excess risk persists, indicating the need for continued and sustained efforts to reduce risk factors and drug adherence in these individuals.
Source: European Heart Journal - March 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Williamson, C., Jeemon, P., Hastie, C. E., McCallum, L., Muir, S., Dawson, J., Walters, M., Sloan, W., Morrison, D., Dominiczak, A. F., Pell, J., Padmanabhan, S. Tags: Hypertension Source Type: research

Lipid lowering in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension: an analysis from the Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial
Conclusion In subjects with TRH, intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin 80 mg is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular events.
Source: European Heart Journal - July 15, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bangalore, S., Fayyad, R., Laskey, R., DeMicco, D., Deedwania, P., Kostis, J. B., Messerli, F. H., Treating to New Targets Steering Committee and Investigators Tags: Heart failure/cardiomyopathy Source Type: research

Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study
Conclusion For type 2 diabetes, the MHO phenotype is associated with lower risk than the metabolically unhealthy obese, but for CVD the risk is as elevated in both obesity phenotypes.
Source: European Heart Journal - March 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hinnouho, G.-M., Czernichow, S., Dugravot, A., Nabi, H., Brunner, E. J., Kivimaki, M., Singh-Manoux, A. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

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