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Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification
Conclusions: Long-lasting warfarin anticoagulation associated with increased calcification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in locations known to be the predilection sites of stroke-causing plaques. The clinical significance of this novel finding warrants further investigations.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of Left Atrial Appendage Morphology on Recurrence in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source and Atrial Cardiopathy
Conclusions: The LAA morphology types may help identify high risk of embolic stroke recurrence in ESUS with atrial cardiopathy. LAA morphology in atrial cardiopathy may provide clues for developing therapies tailored to specific mechanisms.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Angiogenin in the Neurogenic Subventricular Zone After Stroke
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with effective acute thrombolytic treatments. However, brain repair mechanisms related to spontaneous or rehabilitation-induced recovery are still under investigation, and little is known about the molecules involved. The present study examines the potential role of angiogenin (ANG), a known regulator of cell function and metabolism linked to neurological disorders, focusing in the neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ). Angiogenin expression was examined in the mouse SVZ and in SVZ-derived neural stem cells (NSCs), which were exposed to exogenous ANG treat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Influence of Onset to Imaging Time on Radiological Thrombus Characteristics in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion: In our population of acute ischemic stroke patients, we found no clear association between onset-to-imaging time and radiological thrombus characteristics. This suggests that elapsed time from stroke onset plays a limited role in the interpretation of radiological thrombus characteristics and their effect on treatment results, at least in the early time window.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Blood-Based Biomarkers: A Forgotten Friend of Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Multimodal neuroimaging techniques that have significantly facilitated the diagnosis of hyperacute IS are not widely used in underdeveloped areas and community hospitals owing to drawbacks such as high cost and lack of trained operators. Moreover, these methods do not have sufficient resolution to detect changes in the brain at the cellular and molecular levels after IS onset. In contrast, blood-based biomarkers can reflect molecular and biochemical alterations in both normal and pathophysiologic processes including angiogenesis, metabolism, inflammation,...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Safety of Low Dose Intravenous Cangrelor in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Series
Conclusion: Low dose intravenous cangrelor is similar in safety and efficacy to oral antiplatelets in acute ischemic stroke in a small case series. Larger prospective studies on the efficacy, safety, and effect on procedure times of intravenous cangrelor in neurointervention are warranted.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Case Report: Late Successful Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke in a 2-Year-Old Child
We describe hereafter the case of a 2-year-old female child who had a successful thrombectomy 9 h after stroke onset. The patient presented with right hemiplegia, central facial palsy, a normal level of consciousness, and speech difficulties. The PedNIHS score was 11. CT scan without contrast injection displayed spontaneous hyperdensity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), with only limited early signs of ischemia (ASPECTS 8). CT angiography demonstrated occlusion of the proximal MCA with good collaterals. Thrombectomy was realized. Complete recanalization (TICI 3) was obtained under general anesthesia after two passes of ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Levels of Fibrin Degradation Products at Admission With Acute Ischemic Stroke Correlate With the NIH Stroke Scale Score 1 h After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the levels of FDPs at admission can be used as a prognostic factor to predict the curative effect of r-tPA.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Atherosclerotic Components in Thrombi Retrieved by Thrombectomy for Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Due to Large Artery Atherosclerosis: A Case Report
Conclusions: Atherosclerotic components in retrieved thrombi might provide useful clues for diagnosing stroke pathogenesis. Further studies are warranted to clarify the utility of assessing atheromatous components in retrieved thrombi in diagnosing stroke etiology.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Brain Tissue Infarction in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Theophylline as an Add-On to Thrombolytic Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Subgroup Analysis
Conclusions: The predicted follow-up brain lesions for each patient were not significantly different for patients virtually treated with theophylline or placebo, as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy. Thus, this study confirmed the lack of neuroprotective effect of theophylline shown in the main clinical trial and is contrary to the results from preclinical stroke models.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Case Report: Cerebrovascular Events Associated With Bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 Infections in an Adolescent
We report the case of an adolescent who presented with febrile meningism and stupor. Clinical, biological, and radiological features favored the diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome (LS), with Fusobacterium necrophorum infection (sphenoid sinusitis and meningitis) and intracranial vasculitis. The patient had concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite medical and surgical antimicrobial treatment, stroke prevention, and venous thrombosis prevention, he presented with severe cerebrovascular complications. Venous thrombosis and stroke were observed, with an extension of intracranial vasculitis, and lead to death. As both F. necrophoru...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Pre-Interventional Scale to Predict in situ Atherosclerotic Thrombosis in Acute Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusion Patients
Conclusion: The three-item scale comprised of the history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation rhythm, and dichotomous serum glucose level had a promising predictive value for ISAT before EVT in acute VBAO patients.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke Treatment With PAR-1 Agents to Decrease Hemorrhagic Transformation
Ischemic stroke is the most widespread cause of disability and a leading cause of death in developed countries. To date, the most potent approved treatment for acute stroke is recanalization therapy with thrombolytic drugs such as tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA or tPA) or endovascular mechanical thrombectomy. Although tPA and thrombectomy are widely available in the United States, it is currently estimated that only 10–20% of stroke patients get tPA treatment, in part due to restrictive selection criteria. Recently, however, tPA and thrombectomy selection criteria have loosened, potentially allowing more patients to...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Promising Biomarker Candidates for Cardioembolic Stroke Etiology. A Brief Narrative Review and Current Opinion
Determining the cause of stroke is considered one of the main objectives in evaluating a stroke patient in clinical practice. However, ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous disorder and numerous underlying disorders are implicated in its pathogenesis. Although progress has been made in identifying individual stroke etiology, in many cases underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Since secondary prevention strategies are tailored toward individual stroke mechanisms, patients whose stroke etiology is unknown may not receive optimal preventive treatment. Cardioembolic stroke is commonly defined as cerebral vessel occlusion by...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Endothelial Shear Stress and Platelet Fc γRIIa Expression in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) has been characterized by the degree of arterial stenosis and downstream hypoperfusion, yet microscopic derangements of endothelial shear stress at the luminal wall may be key determinants of plaque growth, vascular remodeling and thrombosis that culminate in recurrent stroke. Platelet interactions have similarly been a principal focus of treatment, however, the mechanistic basis of anti-platelet strategies is largely extrapolated rather than directly investigated in ICAD. Platelet FcγRIIa expression has been identified as a potent risk factor in cardiovascular disease, as eleva...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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