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Acetazolamide modulates intracranial pressure directly by its action on the cerebrospinal fluid secretion apparatus
ConclusionsAZE lowers ICP directly via its ability to reduce the choroid plexus CSF secretion, irrespective of mode of drug administration.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - June 29, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Impact of sex differences on thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury: the role of neutrophils
ConclusionsICV thrombin injection induced more severe ventricular dilation and white matter damage in female rats compared to males. Estrogen appears to contribute to this difference which may involve greater neutrophil infiltration in females. Understanding sex differences in thrombin-induced brain injury may shed light on future interventions for hemorrhagic stroke.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Incidental findings of typical iNPH imaging signs in asymptomatic subjects with subclinical cognitive decline
ConclusionsApparent asymptomatic subjects with “iNPH” imaging characteristics presented with subclinical cognitive decline and showed worse executive function, memory, and TMT-B results than “normal” subjects. WMH seem to play a role in the etiology before ventriculomegaly. Clinical screening of individuals with incidental iNPH-character istic imaging and conspicuous results sof these neurocognitive tests needs further validation.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 14, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Exploring mechanisms of ventricular enlargement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a role of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and motile cilia
In conclusion, as the CSF stroke volume at the cerebral aqueduct increases, the oscillatory shear stress increases, promoting motor cilia shedding and loss of ependymal cell coverage. These are considered to be the leading causes of ventricular enlargement in iNPH.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 19, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases
ConclusionsThe present observations provide in vivo quantitative evidence for substantial variation in direction and magnitude of CSF flow, with re-direction of aqueductal flow in communicating hydrocephalus, and significant extra-cranial CSF production. The grading of ventricular reflux of tracer shows promise as a clinical useful method to assess CSF flow pattern disturbances in patients.Graphic abstract
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Can pulsatile CSF flow across the cerebral aqueduct cause ventriculomegaly? A prospective study of patients with communicating hydrocephalus
ConclusionsThe results supported the hypothesis with respect to the direction of ΔPnet, although the magnitude was low. Thus, although the pulsations may generate a pressure difference across the CA it is likely too small to explain the ventriculomegaly in communicating hydrocephalus.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial pressure elevation in neurological diseases
AbstractThe fine balance between the secretion, composition, volume and turnover of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is strictly regulated. However, during certain neurological diseases, this balance can be disrupted. A significant disruption to the normal CSF circulation can be life threatening, leading to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), and is implicated in hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, brain trauma, brain tumours and stroke. Yet, the exact cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms that contribute to altered hydrodynamic pathways in these diseases are poorly defined or hotly debated. The tra...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 9, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Opposing CSF hydrodynamic trends found in the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern following shunt treatment in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
ConclusionsAlthough several studies have quantified the changes in aqueductal flow between hydrocephalic groups and controls, few studies have investigated prepontine cistern flow. Our study was the first to investigate both regions in the same patients for NPH pre- and post- treatment. Following shunt treatment, the aqueductal CSF metrics decreased toward control values, while the prepontine cistern metrics trended up (not significantly) from the normal values established in this study. The opposing trend of the two locations suggests a redistribution of CSF pulsatility in NPH patients. Furthermore, the significantly decr...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Correlation of CSF flow using phase-contrast MRI with ventriculomegaly and CSF opening pressure in mucopolysaccharidoses
ConclusionsIn MPS patients ventriculomegaly is associated with a severe phenotype, increased cognitive decline, WM lesion severity and enlarged PVS. The authors have shown that there are associations between CSF flow measurements and measurements related to CSF volumetrics. There was also an association of volumetric measurements with the degree of dilated PVS.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 18, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A comparison between the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and normal pressure hydrocephalus: is pulse wave encephalopathy a component of MS?
ConclusionsThere are blood flow and pulsation propagation changes in MS patients which are similar to those of NPH patients. The findings would be consistent with an underlying pulse wave encephalopathy component in MS.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Nonsurgical therapy for hydrocephalus: a comprehensive and critical review
Abstract Pharmacological interventions have been tested experimentally and clinically to prevent hydrocephalus and avoid the need for shunting beginning in the 1950s. Clinical trials of varied quality have not demonstrated lasting and convincing protective effects through manipulation of cerebrospinal fluid production, diuresis, blood clot fibrinolysis, or manipulation of fibrosis in the subarachnoid compartment, although there remains some promise in the latter areas. Acetazolamide bolus seems to be useful for predicting shunt response in adults with hydrocephalus. Neuroprotection in the situation of established...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 5, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research