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Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Systolic Blood Pressure and Biomarkers to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
We sought to determine how biomarkers known to be associated with hypertension-induced end-organ injury complement the use of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction at different ages. Using data from visits 2 (1990 to 1992) and 5 (2011 to 2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 3 models were used to predict CVD (composite of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure). Model A included traditional risk factors (TRFs) except SBP, model B —TRF plus SBP, and model C—TRF plus biomarkers (high-sensitivity troponin T [hsTnT] and N-terminal pro-B-type natri...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 9, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mahmoud Al Rifai, George E. Taffet, Kunihiro Matsushita, Salim S. Virani, James De Lemos, Amit Khera, Jarrett Berry, Chiadi Ndumele, David Aguilar, Caroline Sun, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Elizabeth Selvin, Christie M. Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi Source Type: research

Is Improving Educational Attainment Key to Reducing the Burden Because of Cardiovascular Diseases?
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) impose a substantial global public health burden, accounting for significant mortality and disability worldwide, particularly because of conditions like coronary heart disease and stroke. The economic consequences of CVDs, including healthcare expenses, decreased productivity, and diminished quality of life, further contribute to this burden. Lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption are closely associated with CVDs.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 1, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jari Antero Laukkanen, Setor Kwadzo Kunutsor Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

One Pill for Everyone? Twenty Years of Polypill for Cardiovascular Disease
The concept of the polypill was first proposed in 2003 as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk by combining multiple therapeutic agents into a single daily pill. Wald and Law estimated that a combination of a statin, thiazide diuretic, β blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, folic acid, and aspirin could reduce ischemic heart disease events and stroke by 88% and 80%, respectively.1 Because rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain high worldwide, the polypill or fixed dose combination strategy is viewed as a potential method to reduce barriers to adequate medical care.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - July 26, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rebecca J.C. Tran Source Type: research

Should Pleiotropic Effects of Antiplatelet Agents Be Considered for Acute Coronary Syndrome?
When he coined the phrase, “A man is as old as his arteries,” Dr. Williams Osler anticipated the concept of the spectrum cardiovascular disease (CVD) by a century. The populations of many countries are becoming older, which has also led to the number of patients suffering from CVD to increase. Global rates of CVD such as ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke have been rising since the 1970s and the leading 2 causes of years of life lost in 2017 may continue to be the same in 2040.1 About 9 million deaths were because of IHD in 2017.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - July 10, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hideki Ishii Source Type: research

The “Heart” of Environmental Justice
Environmental exposures, especially air pollution, have been linked with heart disease.1 Air pollution alone is estimated to cause 6 to 9 million deaths globally annually, mostly attributable to ischemic heart disease and stroke.1 The health impact of environmental exposures varies significantly depending on the susceptibility and vulnerability of the exposed populations.2 Underrepresented minorities and people of color often face higher exposures to various pollutants, owing to historic inequities and structural racism, which impact cardiovascular disease disparities.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - December 14, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Issam Motairek, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Sadeer Al-Kindi Source Type: research

Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Implantation in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is common in adults but rare in children and adolescents. Since 2014, our institution has incorporated a transcatheter approach as an option for aortic valve replacement in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare short-term outcomes of TAVI with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). This single-center, retrospective study included patients aged 10 to 21 years who had a native SAVR or TAVI between January 2010 to April 2020. Comparative analysis of baseline characteristics and a composite outcome (stroke within 6 months, readmission within 30 days, death) ...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - June 9, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dwight M. Robertson, Dana M. Boucek, Mary Hunt Martin, Robert G. Gray, Eric R. Griffiths, Aaron W. Eckhauser, Zhining Ou, Linda M. Lambert, Richard V. Williams, S. Adil Husain Source Type: research

Comparison of Dabigatran Versus Warfarin Treatment for Prevention of New Cerebral Lesions in Valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Warfarin is the standard anticoagulation therapy for valvular atrial fibrillation (AF); however, new oral anticoagulants have emerged as an alternative. We compared the efficacy and safety of dabigatran with conventional treatment in AF associated with left-sided valvular heart disease (VHD), including mitral stenosis (MS). Patients with AF and left-sided VHD were randomly assigned to receive dabigatran or conventional treatment. The primary end point was the occurrence of clinical stroke or a new brain lesion (silent brain infarct and microbleed) on 1-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - May 9, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Min Soo Cho, Minsu Kim, Seung-ah Lee, Sahmin Lee, Dae-Hee Kim, Jun Kim, Jong-Min Song, Gi-Byoung Nam, Sang Joon Kim, Duk-Hyun Kang, Kee-Joon Choi Source Type: research

Meta-Analysis Addressing the Effect of Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonists on the Risk for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) constitutes the most common, major cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, with an estimated prevalence in the United States equal to 2.3 million affected subjects, projected to increase to 5.6 million by 2050.1 Hypertension and background heart disease (mainly, congestive heart failure) or valve disease represent main risk factors for AF development.1 Other modifiable risk factors are sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea.2 AF is associated with a significant increase in the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, heart failure (HF), isch...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 13, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dimitrios Patoulias, Christodoulos Papadopoulos, Maria Toumpourleka, Michael Doumas Source Type: research

Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Prior Stroke
It has not been well studied whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) have lower risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in those with prior history of IS. From the Nationwide Readmission Database from October 2015 to November 2017, TAVI and SAVR above age 50 were identified with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification/Procedure Coding System codes. Transapical TAVI and SAVR with concomitant bypass, mitral, or tricuspid surgery were excluded.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 6, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tomo Ando, Said Ashraf, Alexandros Briasoulis, Hisato Takagi, Cindy L. Grines, Aaqib H. Malik Tags: Valvular Heart Disease Source Type: research

Chronotropic Response to Exercise Testing and the Risk of Stroke
Although the chronotropic response to exercise testing, defined as an inadequate heart rate response to incremental exercise to volitional fatigue, is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, it remains unclear whether this response is related to the future risk of cerebrovascular events. We tested the hypothesis that the chronotropic response to exercise is associated with an increased risk of stroke in a general population. This prospective study was based on a population sample of 2,036 men aged 42-60 years in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease cohort study.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - December 18, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sae Young Jae, Kevin Heffernan, Sudhir Kurl, Setor K. Kunutsor, Barry A. Franklin, Kai Savonen, Jari A. Laukkanen Source Type: research

Meta-Analysis of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Bioprosthetic Valves
Valvular heart disease is frequently complicated by atrial fibrillation, which is associated with an increased risk of mortality. In the presence of a surgical or transcatheter bioprosthetic valve, patients with atrial fibrillation are at increased risks of systemic thromboembolism.1 Although direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to be non-inferior or superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or thromboembolism associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, the utilization of DOACs in patients with prior bioprosthetic valves has been limited in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - December 3, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Babikir Kheiri, Ryle Przybylowicz, Timothy F Simpson, Hani Alhamoud, Mohammed Osman, Khidir Dalouk, Babak Nazer, Charles A. Henrikson, Eric Stecker Source Type: research

Relation of Interatrial Block to Cognitive Impairment in Patients ≥ 70 Years of Age (From the CAMBIAD Case-Control Study)
The association between atrial fibrillation, stroke, and interatrial block (IAB) (P-wave duration ≥120 ms) is well recognized, particularly in the case of advanced IAB. We aimed to assess the association of IAB with mild cognitive impairment. CAMBIAD (Advanced Characterization of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly with Interatrial Block) was a case-control multicenter study, conducted in subjects aged ≥70 years in sinus rhythm without significant structural heart disease. Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment was performed by an expert geriatrician, internist, or neurologist in the presence of changes in cognitive functi...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - September 14, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cristian Herrera, Vanesa Bru ña, Pedro Abizanda, Pablo Díez-Villanueva, Francesc Formiga, Rosa Torres, José Carreras, Rocio Ayala, F. Javier Martin-Sánchez, Antoni Bayés-Genis, Roberto Elosua, Antonio Bayés-de-Luna, Manuel Martínez-Sellés, CAMBIAD Source Type: research

Prognostic Implications of Significant Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Without Left-Sided Heart Disease or Pulmonary Hypertension
The prognostic impact of isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of significant isolated TR in AF patients without left-sided heart disease, pulmonary hypertension or primary structural abnormalities of the tricuspid valve.A total of 63 AF patients with moderate and severe TR were matched for age and gender to 116 AF patients without significant TR. Patients were followed for the occurrhttps://doi.org/10.13039/100006520ence of all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure and stroke.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Marlieke F Dietz, Laurien Goedemans, N Mai Vo, Edgard A Prihadi, Pieter van der Bijl, Bernard J Gersh, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado, Jeroen J Bax Source Type: research

Comparison of Long-Term Risk Adverse Outcomes In Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Having Ablation vs Antiarrhythmic Medications
The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation vs. chronic antiarrhythmic therapy alone on clinical outcomes such as death and stroke remains unclear. We compared adverse outcomes for AF ablation versus chronic antiarrhythmic therapy in 1070 adults with AF treated between 2010 and 2014 in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Southern California healthcare delivery systems. Patients undergoing AF catheter ablation were matched to patients treated with only antiarrhythmic medications, based on age, gender, history of heart failure, history of coronary heart disease, history of hypertension, history of diab...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - November 18, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: James V. Freeman, Grace H. Tabada, Kristi Reynolds, Sue Hee Sung, Daniel E. Singer, Paul J. Wang, Taylor I. Liu, Nigel Gupta, Mark A. Hlatky, Alan S. Go Source Type: research

Comparison of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Having Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Medications
The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation versus chronic antiarrhythmic therapy alone on clinical outcomes such as death and stroke remains unclear. We compared adverse outcomes for AF ablation versus chronic antiarrhythmic therapy in 1,070 adults with AF treated between 2010 and 2014 in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Southern California healthcare delivery systems. Patients who underwent AF catheter ablation were matched to patients treated with only antiarrhythmic medications, based on age, gender, history of heart failure, history of coronary heart disease, history of hypertension, history ...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - November 18, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: James V. Freeman, Grace H. Tabada, Kristi Reynolds, Sue Hee Sung, Daniel E. Singer, Paul J. Wang, Taylor I. Liu, Nigel Gupta, Mark A. Hlatky, Alan S. Go Source Type: research

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