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Herpes simplex virus type I glycoprotein L evades host antiviral innate immunity by abrogating the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated NF- κB sub-unit p65
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB plays an important role in the innate immune response by inducing antiviral genes’ expression. However, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) virus has developed multiple ways to interfere with NF-κB activity to escape the host antiviral response. Here, we found that HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein L(gL) markedly inhibits interferon (IFN) production and its downstream antiviral genes. Our results showed that ectopic expression of gL inhibited IFN-β promoter activation, and decreased IFN-β production, the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and inhibited immunologic stimulant (poly I:C) induced ...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - May 9, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Nectin-1 and Non-muscle Myosin Heavy Chain-IIB: Major Mediators of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Entry Into Corneal Nerves
This study observed that receptors nectin-1, HVEM, 3-OS-HS, NMHC-IIA, and NMHC-IIB, not MAG, were expressed in healthy corneal nerves. Further, we cultured TG neurons extracted from mice in vitro to screen for functional gD/gB receptors. Both in vitro siRNA knockdown and in vivo antibody blocking of either nectin-1 or NMHC-IIB reduced the entry and the replication of HSV-1 as shown by qPCR analysis and immunofluorescence measure, respectively. Also, we observed that the re-localization and the upregulation expression of NMHC-IIB after HSV-1 exposure were inhibited when gD receptor nectin-1 was knocked down. These data sugg...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - February 28, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

TRIM21 Aggravates Herpes Simplex Virus Epithelial Keratitis by Attenuating STING-IRF3-Mediated Type I Interferon Signaling
In conclusion, our results have identified that TRIM21 is abnormally high expressed in HSV epithelial keratitis. TRIM21 enhances the replication of HSV-1 in corneal epithelial cells via suppressing the production of type I IFN by inhibiting STING/IRF3 signaling. It also promotes the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-a, thereby aggravating the severity of HSV epithelial keratitis.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

High-Throughput Characterization of Viral and Cellular Protein Expression Patterns During JC Polyomavirus Infection
Discussion The study of viral infections in vitro has provided innumerable advances to the field of virology. However, the lack of rapid and efficient screening tools has hindered research progress for some viruses, like JCPyV (Houff et al., 1983; Zu Rhein, 1983; Assetta and Atwood, 2017). To overcome this challenge, the development of high-throughput analyses is needed to help aid in the production of large data sets and generation of multiple lines of inquiry. Current methodologies for analyzing JCPyV infectivity predominantly rely on manual quantitation of infection by indirect immunodetection of viral proteins by epif...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research