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The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing machinery in food and agricultural science: Current status, future perspectives, and associated challenges.
Abstract The recent progress in genetic engineering has brought multiple benefits to the food and agricultural industry by enhancing essential characteristics of agronomic traits. Powerful tools in the field of genome editing, such as siRNA-mediated RNA interference for targeted suppression of gene expression and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) for DNA repair have been widely used for commercial purposes. However, in the last few years, the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing and has attracted attention as a powerful tool f...
Source: Biotechnology Advances - February 16, 2019 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Eş I, Gavahian M, Marti-Quijal FJ, Lorenzo JM, Khaneghah AM, Tsatsanis C, Kampranis SC, Barba FJ Tags: Biotechnol Adv Source Type: research

A Role for Peptides in Overcoming Endosomal Entrapment in siRNA Delivery - A Focus on Melittin.
Abstract siRNA has the possibility to revolutionize medicine by enabling highly specific and efficient silencing of proteins involved in disease pathogenesis. Despite nearly 20years of research dedicated to translating siRNA from a research tool into a clinically relevant therapeutic, minimal success has been had to date. Access to RNA interference machinery located in the cytoplasm is often overlooked, but must be considered when designing the next generation of siRNA delivery strategies. Peptide transduction domains (PTD) have demonstrated moderate siRNA transfection, which is primarily limited by endosomal entr...
Source: Biotechnology Advances - May 26, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hou KK, Pan H, Schlesinger PH, Wickline SA Tags: Biotechnol Adv Source Type: research

Achieving successful delivery of oligonucleotides - from physico-chemical characterization to in vivo evaluation.
Abstract RNA interference is one of the most promising fields in modern medicine to treat several diseases, ranging from cancer to cardiac diseases, passing through viral infections and metabolic pathologies. Since the discovery of the potential therapeutic properties of non-self oligonucleotides, it was clear that it is important to develop delivery systems that are able to increase plasma stability and bestow membrane-crossing abilities to the oligonucleotides in order to reach their cytoplasmic targets. Polymer therapeutics, among other systems, are widely investigated as delivery systems for therapeutic agents...
Source: Biotechnology Advances - April 24, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Scomparin A, Polyak D, Krivitsky A, Satchi-Fainaro R Tags: Biotechnol Adv Source Type: research

Nano Carriers That Enable Co-Delivery of Chemotherapy and RNAi Agents for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Cancers.
Abstract Tumor cells exhibit drug resistant phenotypes that decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments. The drug resistance has a genetic basis that is caused by an abnormal gene expression. There are several types of drug resistance: efflux pumps reducing the cellular concentration of the drug, alterations in membrane lipids that reduce cellular uptake, increased or altered drug targets, metabolic alteration of the drug, inhibition of apoptosis, repair of the damaged DNA, and alteration of the cell cycle checkpoints (Gottesman et al. , 2002, Holohan et al. , 2013). siRNA is used to silence the drug resi...
Source: Biotechnology Advances - June 9, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tsouris V, Joo MK, Kim SH, Kwon IC, Won YY Tags: Biotechnol Adv Source Type: research

Rigid nanoparticle-based delivery of anti-cancer siRNA: Challenges and opportunities.
Abstract Gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat various genetic and acquired diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a revolutionary tool for gene therapy and the analysis of gene function. However, the development of a safe, efficient, and targetable non-viral siRNA delivery system remains a major challenge in gene therapy. An ideal delivery system should be able to encapsulate and protect the siRNA cargo from serum proteins, exhibit target tissue and cell specificity, penetrate the cell membrane, and release its cargo in the desired intracellular compartment. Nanomedicine has the potential to deal with...
Source: Biotechnology Advances - September 4, 2013 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wang Z, Liu G, Zheng H, Chen X Tags: Biotechnol Adv Source Type: research