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Essential and recurrent roles for hairpin RNAs in silencing < i > de novo < /i > sex chromosome conflict in < i > Drosophila simulans < /i >
by Jeffrey Vedanayagam, Marion Herbette, Holly Mudgett, Ching-Jung Lin, Chun-Ming Lai, Caitlin McDonough-Goldstein, Stephen Dorus, Benjamin Loppin, Colin Meiklejohn, Rapha ëlle Dubruille, Eric C. Lai Meiotic drive loci distort the normally equal segregation of alleles, which benefits their own transmission even in the face of severe fitness costs to their host organism. However, relatively little is known about the molecular identity of meiotic drivers, their strategies of action, and mechanisms that can suppress their activity. Here, we present data from the fruitflyDrosophila simulans that address these questions. We s...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - June 8, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Jeffrey Vedanayagam Source Type: research

Nutritional compensation of the circadian clock is a conserved process influenced by gene expression regulation and mRNA stability
by Christina M. Kelliher, Elizabeth-Lauren Stevenson, Jennifer J. Loros, Jay C. Dunlap Compensation is a defining principle of a true circadian clock, where its approximately 24-hour period length is relatively unchanged across environmental conditions. Known compensation effectors directly regulate core clock factors to buffer the oscillator ’s period length from variables in the environment. Temperature Compensation mechanisms have been experimentally addressed across circadian model systems, but much less is known about the related process of Nutritional Compensation, where circadian period length is maintained acros...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - January 5, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Christina M. Kelliher Source Type: research

Correction: The < i > Aedes aegypti < /i > siRNA pathway mediates broad-spectrum defense against human pathogenic viruses and modulates antibacterial and antifungal defenses
by The PLOS Biology Staff
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - July 7, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: The PLOS Biology Staff Source Type: research

The < i > Aedes aegypti < /i > siRNA pathway mediates broad-spectrum defense against human pathogenic viruses and modulates antibacterial and antifungal defenses
by Yuemei Dong, Shengzhang Dong, Nahid Borhani Dizaji, Natalie Rutkowski, Tyler Pohlenz, Kevin Myles, George Dimopoulos The mosquito’s innate immune system defends against a variety of pathogens, and the conserved siRNA pathway plays a central role in the control of viral infections. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of Dicer2 (Dcr2) orR2d2 resulted in an accumulation of 21-nucleotide viral sequences that was accompanied by a significant suppression of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication, thus indicating the broad-spectrum antiviral response mediated by the siRNA ...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - June 9, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Yuemei Dong Source Type: research

Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha attenuates pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy via tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
by Kun Miao, Ling Zhou, Hongping Ba, Chenxi Li, Haiyan Gu, Bingjiao Yin, Jing Wang, Xiang-ping Yang, Zhuoya Li, Dao Wen Wang Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important pathogenic role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF); however, anti-TNF is paradoxically negative in clinical trials and even worsens HF, indicating a possible protective role of TNF-α in HF. TNF-α exists in transmembrane (tmTNF-α ) and soluble (sTNF-α) forms. Herein, we found that TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) knockout (KO) or knockdown (KD) by short hairpin RNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly alleviated cardiac hypertroph...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - December 3, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Kun Miao Source Type: research

Cellular labeling of endogenous retrovirus replication (CLEVR) reveals de novo insertions of the gypsy retrotransposable element in cell culture and in both neurons and glial cells of aging fruit flies
We describe a novel approach termed cellular labeling of endogenous retrovirus replication (CLEVR), which reports replication of the gypsy element within specific cells in vivo inDrosophila. The gypsy-CLEVR reporter reveals gypsy replication both in cell culture and in individual neurons and glial cells of the aging adult fly. We also demonstrate that the gypsy-CLEVR replication rate is increased when the short interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing system is genetically disrupted. This CLEVR strategy makes use of universally conserved features of retroviruses and should be widely applicable to other LTR retrotransposons, endog...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - May 15, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Yung-Heng Chang Source Type: research

Angiogenic Factor AGGF1 Activates Autophagy with an Essential Role in Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Heart Disease
by Qiulun Lu, Yufeng Yao, Zhenkun Hu, Changqing Hu, Qixue Song, Jian Ye, Chengqi Xu, Annabel Z. Wang, Qiuyun Chen, Qing Kenneth Wang AGGF1 is an angiogenic factor with therapeutic potential to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanism for AGGF1-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis is unknown. Here, we show for the first time that AGGF1 activates autophagy, a housekeeping catabolic cellular process, in endothelial cells (ECs), HL1, H9C2, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Studies withAtg5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1 (Baf) ...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - August 10, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Qiulun Lu Source Type: research

Wuho Is a New Member in Maintaining Genome Stability through its Interaction with Flap Endonuclease 1
We report here our discovery of a new member in guarding genome stability at replication forks. We previously isolated a Drosophila mutation, wuho (wh, no progeny), characterized by a severe fertility defect and affecting expression of a protein (WH) in a family of conserved proteins with multiple WD40 repeats. Knockdown of WH by siRNA in Drosophila, mouse, and human cultured cells results in DNA damage with strand breaks and apoptosis through ATM/Chk2/p53 signaling pathway. Mice with mWh knockout are early embryonic lethal and display DNA damage. We identify that the flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is one of the interacting pr...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - January 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: I-Cheng Cheng et al. Source Type: research

Plants Encode a General siRNA Suppressor That Is Induced and Suppressed by Viruses
by Nahid Shamandi, Matthias Zytnicki, Cyril Charbonnel, Emilie Elvira-Matelot, Aurore Bochnakian, Pascale Comella, Allison C. Mallory, Gersende Lepère, Julio Sáez-Vásquez, Hervé Vaucheret Small RNAs play essential regulatory roles in genome stability, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in most eukaryotes. In plants, the RNaseIII enzyme DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) produces miRNAs, whereas DCL2, DCL3, and DCL4 produce various size classes of siRNAs. Plants also encode RNASE THREE-LIKE (RTL) enzymes that lack DCL-specific domains and whose function is largely unknown. We found that virus infection induces R...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - December 22, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Nahid Shamandi et al. Source Type: research

Transcriptional Corepressors HIPK1 and HIPK2 Control Angiogenesis Via TGF-β–TAK1–Dependent Mechanism
by Yulei Shang, Christina N. Doan, Thomas D. Arnold, Sebum Lee, Amy A. Tang, Louis F. Reichardt, Eric J. Huang Several critical events dictate the successful establishment of nascent vasculature in yolk sac and in the developing embryos. These include aggregation of angioblasts to form the primitive vascular plexus, followed by the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and coalescence of endothelial cells. Although transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) is known to regulate various aspects of vascular development, the signaling mechanism of TGF-β remains unclear. Here we show that homeodomain interacting prote...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - April 2, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Yulei Shang et al. Source Type: research