• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism by losartan stimulates adipocyte browning via induction of apelin Cell Biology
Adipocyte browning appears to be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recent studies have shown that apelin, an adipokine, stimulates adipocyte browning and has negative cross-talk with angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor) signaling. Here, we report that losartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, induces browning, as evidenced by an increase in browning marker expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxygen consumption in murine adipocytes. In parallel, losartan up-regulated apelin expression, concomitant with increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B and AMP...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - October 30, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dong Young Kim, Mi Jin Choi, Tae Kyung Ko, Na Hyun Lee, Ok-Hee Kim, Hyae Gyeong Cheon Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

ADAM10 and ADAM17 proteases mediate proinflammatory cytokine-induced and constitutive cleavage of endomucin from the endothelial surface Membrane Biology
In this study, using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a tagged EMCN in human umbilical vein ECs, we found that treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or the strong oxidant pervanadate leads to loss of cell-surface EMCN and increases the levels of the C-terminal fragment of EMCN 3- to 4-fold. Furthermore, treatment with the broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB94) or inhibition of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17 with two small-molecule inhibitors, GW280264X and GI254023X, or with siRNA significantly reduced basal and TNFα-induced cell-surface EMCN cleavage. Rele...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 7, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jinling Yang, Michelle E. LeBlanc, Issahy Cano, Kahira L. Saez-Torres, Magali Saint-Geniez, Yin-Shan Ng, Patricia A. D'Amore Tags: Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices Source Type: research

Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via FOXG1-c-Myc signalling
Conclusion This study showed that the biphasic effect of NO on ESC proliferation as well as NO induced ESC proliferation were regulated by the cGMP/FOXG1/c-Myc signalling pathway, suggesting that NO may serve as a new disparate target for wound healing.
Source: Nitric Oxide - December 14, 2017 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

A novel role for the Wnt inhibitor APCDD1 in adipocyte differentiation: Implications for diet-induced obesity Lipids
Impaired adipogenic differentiation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation, thereby contributing to metabolic disease. Adenomatosis polyposis coli down-regulated 1 (APCDD1) has recently been identified as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, a key regulator of adipogenic differentiation. Here we report a novel role for APCDD1 in adipogenic differentiation via repression of Wnt signaling and an epigenetic linkage between miR-130 and APCDD1 in DIO. APCDD1 expression was significantly up-regulated in mature adipocytes compared with undifferentiated preadipocytes in both human and mouse sub...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 14, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Nicole K. H. Yiew, Tapan K. Chatterjee, Yao Liang Tang, Rod Pellenberg, Brian K. Stansfield, Zsolt Bagi, David J. Fulton, David W. Stepp, Weiqin Chen, Vijay Patel, Vinayak M. Kamath, Sheldon E. Litwin, David Y. Hui, Steven M. Rudich, Ha Won Kim, Neal L. W Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

MDA-7/IL-24 Alters Bcl-x RNA Splicing RNA
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 (MDA-7/IL-24) exhibits cytotoxic effects on tumor cells while sparing untransformed cells, and Bcl-x(L) is reported to efficiently block the induction of cell death by MDA-7/IL-24. The expression of Bcl-x(L) is regulated at the level of RNA splicing via alternative 5′ splice site selection within exon 2 to produce either the pro-apoptotic Bcl-x(s) or the anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L). Our laboratory previously reported that Bcl-x RNA splicing is dysregulated in a large percentage of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Therefore, we investigated whether the alternative RNA...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - October 6, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Shapiro, B. A., Vu, N. T., Shultz, M. D., Shultz, J. C., Mietla, J. A., Gouda, M. M., Yacoub, A., Dent, P., Fisher, P. B., Park, M. A., Chalfant, C. E. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

SMAD3 Suppresses FNDC5 and PGC-1{alpha} in Skeletal Muscle Signal Transduction
Beige adipose cells are a distinct and inducible type of thermogenic fat cell that express the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 and thus represent a powerful target for treating obesity. Mice lacking the TGF-β effector protein SMAD3 are protected against diet-induced obesity because of browning of their white adipose tissue (WAT), leading to increased whole body energy expenditure. However, the role SMAD3 plays in WAT browning is not clearly understood. Irisin is an exercise-induced skeletal muscle hormone that induces WAT browning similar to that observed in SMAD3-deficient mice. Together, these observations suggested ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 20, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tiano, J. P., Springer, D. A., Rane, S. G. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

The UPR Regulates Nrf2 and Protects RPE Cells Immunology
Recent studies have revealed a role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in the regulation of RPE cell activity and survival. Herein, we examined the mechanisms by which the UPR modulates apoptotic signaling in human RPE cells challenged with cigarette smoking extract (CSE). Our results show that CSE exposure induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in ER stress markers, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis of RPE cells. These changes were prevented by the anti-oxidant NAC or chemical chaperone TMAO, suggesting a close interaction betw...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 27, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Huang, C., Wang, J. J., Ma, J. H., Jin, C., Yu, Q., Zhang, S. X. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Role of PI3K{gamma} in the Insulinotropic Effect of GIP Cell Biology
PI3Kγ, a G-protein-coupled type 1B phosphoinositol 3-kinase, exhibits a basal glucose-independent activity in β-cells and can be activated by the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). We therefore investigated the role of the PI3Kγ catalytic subunit (p110γ) in insulin secretion and β-cell exocytosis stimulated by GIP. We inhibited p110γ with AS604850 (1 μmol/liter) or knocked it down using an shRNA adenovirus or siRNA duplex in mouse and human islets and β-cells. Inhibition of PI3Kγ blunted the exocytotic and insulinotropic response to GIP receptor activation, whereas responses to the glucagon-like p...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 13, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kolic, J., Spigelman, A. F., Smith, A. M., Manning Fox, J. E., MacDonald, P. E. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

IFN-{gamma} Controls IL-33 Levels through STAT1 and LMP2 Molecular Bases of Disease
IL-33 contributes to disease processes in association with Th1 and Th2 phenotypes. IL-33 mRNA is rapidly regulated, but the fate of synthesized IL-33 protein is unknown. To understand the interplay among IL-33, IFN-γ, and IL-4 proteins, recombinant replication-deficient adenoviruses were produced and used for dual expression of IL-33 and IFN-γ or IL-33 and IL-4. The effects of such dual gene delivery were compared with the effects of similar expression of each of these cytokines alone. In lung fibroblast culture, co-expression of IL-33 and IFN-γ resulted in suppression of the levels of both proteins, whereas co-expressi...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 25, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kopach, P., Lockatell, V., Pickering, E. M., Haskell, R. E., Anderson, R. D., Hasday, J. D., Todd, N. W., Luzina, I. G., Atamas, S. P. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

PPAR{gamma} Regulation by HAUSP Molecular Bases of Disease
In this study, herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) was isolated as a binding partner of PPARγ. Both endogenous and exogenous PPARγ associated with HAUSP in co-immunoprecipitation analysis. HAUSP, but not the catalytically inactive HAUSP C223S mutant, increased the stability of both endogenous and exogenous PPARγ through its deubiquitinating activity. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments showed that the Lys462 residue of PPARγ is critical for ubiquitination. HBX 41,108, a specific inhibitor of HAUSP, abolished the increase in PPARγ stability induced by HAUSP. In addition, knockdown of endogenous...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 15, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Lee, K. W., Cho, J. G., Kim, C. M., Kang, A. Y., Kim, M., Ahn, B. Y., Chung, S. S., Lim, K.-H., Baek, K.-H., Sung, J.-H., Park, K. S., Park, S. G. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research

Par14 Enhances IRS-1-mediated Insulin Signaling Signal Transduction
In this study, the association of Par14 with insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was demonstrated in HepG2 cells overexpressing both as well as endogenously in the mouse liver. The analysis using deletion-mutated Par14 and IRS-1 constructs revealed the N-terminal portion containing the basic domain of Par14 and the two relatively C-terminal portions of IRS-1 to be involved in these associations, in contrast to the WW domain of Pin1 and the SAIN domain of IRS-1. Par14 overexpression in HepG2 markedly enhanced insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and its downstream events, PI3K binding with IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation. I...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 12, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zhang, J., Nakatsu, Y., Shinjo, T., Guo, Y., Sakoda, H., Yamamotoya, T., Otani, Y., Okubo, H., Kushiyama, A., Fujishiro, M., Fukushima, T., Tsuchiya, Y., Kamata, H., Iwashita, M., Nishimura, F., Katagiri, H., Takahashi, S.-i., Kurihara, H., Uchida, T., As Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research

EGFR Stimulates Osteoprogenitor Growth and Survival via EGR2 Gene Regulation
Maintaining bone architecture requires continuous generation of osteoblasts from osteoprogenitor pools. Our previous study of mice with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specifically inactivated in osteoblast lineage cells revealed that EGFR stimulates bone formation by expanding the population of mesenchymal progenitors. EGFR ligands are potent regulators for the osteoprogenitor pool, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that activation of EGFR increases the number of osteoprogenitors by promoting cell proliferation and suppressing either serum depletion-induced or TNFα-induced apo...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 12, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chandra, A., Lan, S., Zhu, J., Siclari, V. A., Qin, L. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

TR{alpha} Induces Reprogramming of Pancreatic Acinar Cells Gene Regulation
One goal of diabetic regenerative medicine is to instructively convert mature pancreatic exocrine cells into insulin-producing cells. We recently reported that ligand-bound thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) plays a critical role in expansion of the β-cell mass during postnatal development. Here, we used an adenovirus vector that expresses TRα driven by the amylase 2 promoter (AdAmy2TRα) to induce the reprogramming of pancreatic acinar cells into insulin-producing cells. Treatment with l-3,5,3-triiodothyronine increases the association of TRα with the p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to th...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 31, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Furuya, F., Shimura, H., Asami, K., Ichijo, S., Takahashi, K., Kaneshige, M., Oikawa, Y., Aida, K., Endo, T., Kobayashi, T. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research