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Hypoxic and osmotic expression of Kir2.1 potassium channels in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Contribution to vascular endothelial growth factor expression
Exp Eye Res. 2021 Aug 20:108741. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108741. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRetinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells express different subtypes of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. We investigated whether human and rat RPE cells express genes of strongly rectifying Kir2 channels. We also determined the hypoxic and hyperosmotic regulation of Kir2.1 gene expression in cultured human RPE cells and the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Kir2.1 on VEGFA expression, VEGF secretion, proliferation, and viability of the cells. Extracellular hyperosmolarity was induced by addition of NaCl or sucrose...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - August 23, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Eva Klose Heidrun Kuhrt Leon Kohen Peter Wiedemann Andreas Bringmann Margrit Hollborn Source Type: research

Resolvin D1, but not resolvin E1, transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor to increase intracellular calcium and glycoconjugate secretion in rat and human conjunctival goblet cells.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in cultured rat and human conjunctival goblet cells, RvD1 activates the EGFR, increases [Ca2+]i, activates AKT and ERK1/2 to stimulate mucin secretion. RvE1 does not transactivate the EGFR to increase [Ca2+]I and stimulate mucin secretion, but does interact with the receptor to increase ERK 1/2 activity. PMID: 30513286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kaye R, Botten N, Lippestad M, Li D, Hodges RR, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Involvement of Intracellular Calcium Mobilization in IL-8 Activation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Conclusions. Collectively, our findings highlight the important role of intracellular calcium mobilization in the activation of IL-8. These findings may be helpful for the clinical applications in the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) prevention and treatment.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - February 3, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Yang, I.-H., Wong, J.-H., Chang, C.-M., Chen, B.-K., Tsai, Y.-T., Chen, W.-C., Wang, E. T., Hsu, W.-L., Chang, W.-C. Tags: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Loss of Calpastatin Leads to Activation of Calpain in Human Lens Epithelial Cells Lens
Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that the high levels of endogenous CS do, indeed, inhibit calpain activity in normal human lens epithelial cells. We speculate that age-related oxidation might cause loss of CS activity in human lens epithelial cells, allowing activation of long-dormant calpain 2, proteolysis of critical cytoskeletal proteins, and cataract formation.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - August 22, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nakajima, T., Shearer, T. R., Azuma, M. Tags: Lens Source Type: research