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The purine receptor P2X7R regulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human craniopharyngioma
In conclusion, the results suggest that P2X7R may promote IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 production and secretion and contribute to the invasion and adhesion of CPs to the surrounding tissue.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nie, J., Huang, G.-l., Deng, S.-Z., Bao, Y., Liu, Y.-W., Feng, Z.-P., Wang, C.-H., Chen, M., Qi, S.-T., Pan, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Silencing the roadblocks to effective triple-negative breast cancer treatments by siRNA nanoparticles
Over the past decade, RNA interference (RNAi) has been ubiquitously utilized to study biological function in vitro; however, limitations were associated with its utility in vivo. More recently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles with improved biocompatibility have gained prevalence as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of various diseases. The adaptability of siRNA nanoparticles enables the delivery of virtually any siRNA, which is especially advantageous for therapeutic applications in heterogeneous diseases that lack unifying molecular features, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - March 9, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Parvani, J. G., Jackson, M. W. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Hyperglycaemia-induced resistance to Docetaxel is negated by metformin: a role for IGFBP-2
The incidence of many common cancers varies between different populations and appears to be affected by a Western lifestyle. Highly proliferative malignant cells require sufficient levels of nutrients for their anabolic activity. Therefore, targeting genes and pathways involved in metabolic pathways could yield future therapeutics. A common pathway implicated in energetic and nutritional requirements of a cell is the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Metformin is a widely studied anti-diabetic drug, which improves glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by targeting this pathway. We investigated the effect of metformin on prostate can...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - November 20, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Biernacka, K. M., Persad, R. A., Bahl, A., Gillatt, D., Holly, J. M. P., Perks, C. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Cdc42 and Rac1 activity is reduced in human pheochromocytoma and correlates with FARP1 and ARHGEF1 expression
In this study, we demonstrate, through an ELISA-based activity assay, that Rac1 and Cdc42 activities decrease in human pheochromocytomas (PCCs) compared with the matched adjacent non-tumor tissue. Furthermore, through quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, we show that the expression of two RHO-GEF proteins, namely ARHGEF1 and FARP1, is significantly reduced in tumors compared with matched non-tumor tissue, whereas ARHGAP36 expression is increased. Moreover, siRNA-based knockdown of ARHGEF1 and FARP1 in PC12 cells leads to a significant inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, respectively. Finally, a principal co...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 17, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Croise, P., Houy, S., Gand, M., Lanoix, J., Calco, V., Toth, P., Brunaud, L., Lomazzi, S., Paramithiotis, E., Chelsky, D., Ory, S., Gasman, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research

MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma
In conclusion, sustained activation of the MAPK and SHH pathways modulate the levels of DIO3 expression in PTC. Importantly, DIO3 silencing was associated with decreases in cell proliferation, thus suggesting a D3 role in tumor growth and aggressiveness.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Romitti, M., Wajner, S. M., Ceolin, L., Ferreira, C. V., Ribeiro, R. V. P., Rohenkohl, H. C., Weber, S. d. S., Lopez, P. L. d. C., Fuziwara, C. S., Kimura, E. T., Maia, A. L. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Germline PARP4 mutations in patients with primary thyroid and breast cancers
In conclusion, we identified PARP4 as a possible susceptibility gene of primary thyroid and breast cancer.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ikeda, Y., Kiyotani, K., Yew, P. Y., Kato, T., Tamura, K., Yap, K. L., Nielsen, S. M., Mester, J. L., Eng, C., Nakamura, Y., Grogan, R. H. Tags: Research Source Type: research

The impact of CLAUDIN-1 on follicular thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness
CLAUDIN-1 belongs to the family of transmembrane tight junction proteins tightening the paracellular cleft of epithelial cells. In human malignancies, CLAUDIN-1 is often dysregulated and located in subcellular compartments, particularly in the nucleus where it may influence cellular behaviour. Here, we studied CLAUDIN-1 in relation to the biological characteristics of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). CLAUDIN-1 immuno-staining showed loss of membrane expression and increased nuclear CLAUDIN-1 localization in FTC metastases. CLAUDIN-1 function was further investigated in two different follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lin...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - September 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zwanziger, D., Badziong, J., Ting, S., Moeller, L. C., Schmid, K. W., Siebolts, U., Wickenhauser, C., Dralle, H., Fuehrer, D. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Glutamine promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation through the mTOR/S6 pathway
Glutamine is one of the main nutrients used by tumor cells for biosynthesis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of glutamine metabolism may have anti-tumorigenic implications. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine on ovarian cancer cell growth. Three ovarian cancer cell lines, HEY, SKOV3, and IGROV-1, were assayed for glutamine dependence by analyzing cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell stress, and glucose/glutamine metabolism. Our results revealed that administration of glutamine increased cell proliferation in all three ovarian cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Depl...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - July 13, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yuan, L., Sheng, X., Willson, A. K., Roque, D. R., Stine, J. E., Guo, H., Jones, H. M., Zhou, C., Bae-Jump, V. L. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates cell motility in human colon cancer
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been shown to affect cancer cell metastasis and migration. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of BDNF-induced cell migration in colon cancer cells. The migratory activities of two colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, were found to be increased in the presence of human BDNF. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO)-1 is known to be involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie HO-1 in the regulation of colon cancer cell migration remain unclear. Expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA i...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - June 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Huang, S.-M., Lin, C., Lin, H.-Y., Chiu, C.-M., Fang, C.-W., Liao, K.-F., Chen, D.-R., Yeh, W.-L. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Targeting GPR30 with G-1: a new therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer
We reported that G-1, a selective agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), inhibited PC cell growth by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest and arrested PC-3 xenograft growth. However, the therapeutic actions of G-1 and their relationships with androgen in vivo are unclear. Using the LNCaP xenograft to model PC growth during the androgen-sensitive (AS) versus the castration-resistant (CR) phase, we found that G-1 inhibited growth of CR but not AS tumors with no observable toxicity to the host. Substantial necrosis (approximately 65%) accompanied by marked intratumoral infiltration of neutrophils was observed only in CR t...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - November 5, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lam, H.-M., Ouyang, B., Chen, J., Ying, J., Wang, J., Wu, C.-L., Jia, L., Medvedovic, M., Vessella, R. L., Ho, S.-M. Tags: Research Source Type: research

BRAF activates and physically interacts with PAK to regulate cell motility
In conclusion, we have identified a signaling pathway in thyroid cancer cells which BRAF activates and physically interacts with PAK and regulates cell motility.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - October 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: McCarty, S. K., Saji, M., Zhang, X., Knippler, C. M., Kirschner, L. S., Fernandez, S., Ringel, M. D. Tags: Research Source Type: research

MED12 overexpression is a frequent event in castration-resistant prostate cancer
In a recent effort to unravel the molecular basis of prostate cancer (PCa), Barbieri and colleagues using whole-exome sequencing identified a novel recurrently mutated gene, MED12, in 5.4% of primary PCa. MED12, encoding a subunit of the Mediator complex, is a transducer of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, linked to modulation of hedgehog signaling and to the regulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-receptor signaling. Therefore, these studies prompted us to investigate the relevance of MED12 in PCa. Expression of MED12, SMAD3 phosphorylation, and proliferation markers was assessed by immunohistochemistry on ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - July 22, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shaikhibrahim, Z., Offermann, A., Braun, M., Menon, R., Syring, I., Nowak, M., Halbach, R., Vogel, W., Ruiz, C., Zellweger, T., Rentsch, C. A., Svensson, M., Andren, O., Bubendorf, L., Biskup, S., Duensing, S., Kirfel, J., Perner, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research

COX2 and PGE2 mediate EGF-induced E-cadherin-independent human ovarian cancer cell invasion
This study demonstrates an important role for COX2 and its derivative, PGE2, in the mediation of the effects of EGF on human ovarian cancer cell invasion.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - June 26, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Qiu, X., Cheng, J.-C., Chang, H.-M., Leung, P. C. K. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Overexpression of miR-210 is associated with SDH-related pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours
miR-210 is a key regulator of response to hypoxia. Pheochromocytomas (PCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) with germline SDHx or VHL mutations have pseudohypoxic gene expression signatures. We hypothesised that PC/PGLs containing SDHx or VHL mutations, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), would overexpress miR-210 relative to non-SDH or -VHL-mutated counterparts. miR-210 was analysed by quantitative PCR in i) 39 PC/PGLs, according to genotype (one SDHA, five SDHB, seven VHL, three NF1, seven RET, 15 sporadic, one unknown) and pathology (18 benign, eight atypical, 11 malignant, two...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 6, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tsang, V. H. M., Dwight, T., Benn, D. E., Meyer-Rochow, G. Y., Gill, A. J., Sywak, M., Sidhu, S., Veivers, D., Sue, C. M., Robinson, B. G., Clifton-Bligh, R. J., Parker, N. R. Tags: Research Source Type: research