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PITX2 regulates steroidogenesis in granulosa cells of dairy goat by the WNT/ β-catenin pathway
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2022 Mar 14:114027. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114027. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPaired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2), a major driver of multiple tissue development, is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in organisms. However, it is unknown if PITX2 regulates goat granulosa cell (GC) steroidogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the role and mechanism of PITX2 in GC steroidogenesis. In our study, PITX2 significantly facilitated the secretion level of estrogen and progesterone through increasing CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and STAR mRNA and protein expressions in GCs. Further...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - March 18, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Qiqi Bu Shujuan Liu Zhanhang Wang Jiahao Zou Peijie Wang Heran Cao Dexian Li Binyun Cao Xiaopeng An Yuxuan Song Guang Li Source Type: research

Characterization of chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase: Expression profile, epigenetic modification, and its knock-down effect
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2021 Jul 26:113870. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113870. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe sexual size dimorphism of the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) has greatly obstructed its sustainable development; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Based on C. semilaevis transcriptomic information, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr24) was identified in steroid biosynthesis, showing female-liver-biased expression. Dhcr24 has been reported to participate in various processes, such as cholesterol synthesis, oxidative stress response, neuroprotection, and cell survival. The present stu...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - July 29, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Na Wang Zhihong Gong Jialin Wang Wenteng Xu Qian Yang Songlin Chen Source Type: research

Common carp pentraxin gene: Evidence for its role in ovarian differentiation and growth.
Abstract Pentraxins (PTX), is an evolutionarily conserved family, containing a PTX protein domain, having a role in acute immunological responses and fertility in higher vertebrates. However, information regarding the action of ptx on reproduction is extremely limited in fish. To study this, ptx cDNA was cloned for downstream analysis. Tissue distribution and ontogeny expression analysis indicated the prevalence of ptx in ovary. Varied phase-wise expression during carp ovarian cycle and elevated ptx expression after human chorionic gonadotropin induction, in vitro and in vivo, indicated probable regulation of gona...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - January 21, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Raj Gupta Y, Senthilkumaran B Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

Thyroid Hormone Receptor: A New Player in Epinephrine-induced Larval Metamorphosis of the Hard-shelled Mussel.
Abstract Many marine invertebrate larvae undergo a dramatic morphological and physiological transition from a planktonic larva to a benthic juvenile. The mechanisms of this metamorphosis in bivalves are mainly unknown. The recent identification in bivalves of a thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene raises the possibility that as occurs in vertebrate metamorphosis, TRs regulate this developmental process. An evolutionary study of TR receptors revealed they are ubiquitous in the molluscs. Knock-down of the TR gene in pediveliger larvae of the hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus (Mc), using electroporation of siRNA si...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - November 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li YF, Cheng YL, Chen K, Cheng ZY, Zhu X, C R Cardoso J, Liang X, Zhu YT, Power DM, Yang JL Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

Effects of Porcine STC-1 on Cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function.
Abstract Stanniocalcin (STC-1), a kind of glycoprotein hormone, was first found in fish and mainly regulates calcium/phosphorus metabolism in the body. To explore the biological function of the porcine STC-1 gene, the effects of changes in stanniocalcin expression on cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function were studied. A vector overexpressing the STC-1 gene and an siRNA silencer of the STC-1 gene were transfected into porcine kidney epithelial PK15 cells. After the STC-1 gene expression level was induced to change, STC-1 protein- and mitochondrial function-related proteins such as PMP70, OPA, DRP, Mfn and ...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - October 9, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yang K, Yang Y, Qi C, Ju H Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

Small Interfering RNA Mediated Knockdown of Irisin Suppresses Food Intake and Modulates Appetite Regulatory Peptides in Zebrafish.
Abstract Irisin is a myokine encoded in fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). FNDC5 forms an integral part of the muscle post-exercise, and causes an increase in energy expenditure in mammals. Irisin is abundantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles and is secreted upon activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1 alpha). Irisin regulates feeding behaviour and cardiovascular function in mammals. More recently, irisin has gained importance as a potential biomarker for myocardial infarction due to its abundance in cardiac muscle. The goal of this research was ...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - June 27, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sundarrajan L, Unniappan S Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

Autocrine/paracrine proliferative effect of ovarian GH and IGF-I in chicken granulosa cell cultures.
Abstract It is known that growth hormone (GH) and its receptor (GHR) are expressed in granulosa cells (GC) and thecal cells during the follicular development in the hen ovary, which suggests GH is involved in autocrine/paracrine actions in the female reproductive system. In this work, we show that the knockdown of local ovarian GH with a specific cGH siRNA in GC cultures significantly decreased both cGH mRNA expression and GH secretion to the media, and also reduced their proliferative rate. Thus, we analyzed the effect of ovarian GH and recombinant chicken GH (rcGH) on the proliferation of pre-hierarchical GCs in...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - May 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Marisela Ahumada-Solórzano S, Martínez-Moreno CG, Carranza M, Ávila-Mendoza J, Luna-Acosta JL, Harvey S, Luna M, Arámburo C Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

Neuroprotection by GH against excitotoxic-induced cell death in retinal ganglion cells.
Abstract Retinal growth hormone (GH) has been shown to promote cell survival in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during developmental waves of apoptosis during chicken embryonic development. The possibility that it might also against excitotoxicity-induced cell death was therefore examined in the present study, which utilized quail-derived QNR/D cells as an in vitro RGC model. QNR/D cell death was induced by glutamate in the presence of BSO (buthionine sulfoxamide) (an enhancer of oxidative stress), but this was significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the presence of exogenous recombinant chicken GH (rcGH). Similarly, Q...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - April 25, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Martínez-Moreno CG, Ávila-Mendoza J, Wu Y, Arellanes-Licea ED, Louie M, Luna M, Arámburo C, Harvey S Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

TAB3 involves in hepatic insulin resistance through activation of MAPK pathway.
In this study, we found that transforming growth factor β-activated kinase binding protein-3 (TAB3) was up-regulated in insulin resistance. Considering the relationship between transforming growth factor β-activated kinase (TAK1) and MAPK pathway, we assumed TAB3 involved in insulin resistance through activation of MAPK pathway. To certify this hypothesis, we knocked down TAB3 in palmitate treated HepG2 cells and detected subsequent biological responses. Importantly, TAB3 siRNA directly reversed insulin sensitivity by improving insulin signal transduction. Moreover, silencing of TAB3 could facilitate hepatic glucose upta...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - August 28, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao Y, Tang Z, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang W, Xia N, Wang S, Huang J, Cui S Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

Molecular cloning, expression pattern analysis of porcine Rb1 gene and its regulatory roles during primary dedifferentiated fat cells adipogenic differentiation.
Abstract Adipocytes are the main constituent of adipose tissue and are considered to be a corner stone in the homeostatic control of whole body metabolism. Recent reports evidenced that retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) gene plays an important role in fat development and adipogenesis in mice. Here, we cloned the partial cDNA sequences of the porcine Rb1 gene which contains the complete coding sequences (CDS) of 2820bp encoding a protein of 939 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the CDS of porcine Rb1 was highly identical with those of cattle, human and mice. The porcine Rb1 has three typical conserved structur...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - January 24, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hu X, Luo P, Peng X, Song T, Zhou Y, Wei H, Peng J, Jiang S Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

GPER mediates the inhibitory actions of estrogen on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through perturbation of mitotic clonal expansion.
Abstract G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) mediates non-genomic signaling of estrogenic events. Here we showed for the first time that Gper/GPER is expressed in Swiss 3T3 mouse embryo preadipocytes 3T3-L1, and that Gper/GPER is up-regulated during differentiation of the cells induced by monocyte differentiation-inducing (MDI) cocktail. Activation of GPER by the natural ligand 17β-estradiol (E2), and the specific agonist G1, was shown to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, while such inhibition was reversed upon knockdown of GPER using specific siRNA. GPER was also found to mediate perturbation ...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - July 17, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhu P, Yuen JM, Sham KW, Cheng CH Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research