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Advanced glycation end products induce skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance via activating ROS-mediated ER stress PERK/FOXO1 signaling
In this study, we investigated whether AGEs could exacerbate skeletal muscle atrophy and its related insulin resistance. Mice were exposed to AGEs. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was silenced by a constructed viral vector carrying siRNA. Skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated by H&E, oil red O, myosin skeletal heavy chain (MHC) and laminin immunofluorescent stains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed by DHE stain. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation. Insulin resistance was monitored by insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose infusion rate (GIR). Mice exposed to AGEs s...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Haixia Du Yanpeng Ma Xiqiang Wang Yong Zhang Ling Zhu Shuang Shi Shuo Pan Zhongwei Liu Source Type: research

Repurposed major urinary protein pheromones and adult sensory neurons: Roles in neuron plasticity and experimental diabetes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 30. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMajor urinary proteins (MUPs), members of the broader lipocalin protein family, are classified as pheromones that are excreted in male rodent urine to define conspecific territoriality. In screening for differentially regulated mRNA transcripts in a mouse model of type 1 experimental diabetes mellitus (DM), we identified an unexpected upregulation of several closely related MUP transcripts within diabetic sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Both sexes expressed overall MUP protein content as identified by an antibody ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - May 31, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Trevor Poitras Vandana Singh Ramanaguru Piragasam Xiuling Wang Atef Mahmoud Mannaa Ambika Chandrasekhar Jose Martinez Richard Fahlman Douglas W Zochodne Source Type: research

Lauric acid impairs insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation by upregulating SELENOP expression via HNF4 α induction
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 2. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00163.2021. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSelenoprotein P (SeP; encoded by SELENOP in humans, Selenop in rodents) is a hepatokine that is upregulated in the liver of humans with type 2 diabetes. Excess SeP contributes to the onset of insulin resistance and various type 2 diabetes-related complications. We have previously reported that the long-chain saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, upregulates Selenop expression, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) downregulate it in hepatocytes. However, the effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on Seleno...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - May 2, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kyoko Kamoshita Hirohiko Tsugane Kiyo-Aki Ishii Hiroaki Takayama Xingyu Yao Halimulati Abuduwaili Ryota Tanida Yasumasa Taniguchi Hein Ko Oo Guzel Gafiyatullina Shuichi Kaneko Seiichi Matsugo Toshinari Takamura Source Type: research

The inducible β5i proteasome subunit contributes to proinsulin degradation in GRP94 deficient β cells and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes pancreatic islets.
Abstract Proinsulin is a misfolding-prone protein and its efficient breakdown is critical, when b-cells are confronted with high insulin biosynthetic demands, to prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress, a key trigger of secretory dysfunction and, if uncompensated, apoptosis. Proinsulin degradation is thought to be performed by the constitutively expressed standard proteasome, while the roles of other proteasomes are unknown. We recently demonstrated that deficiency of the proinsulin chaperone GRP94 causes impaired proinsulin-handling and defective insulin-secretion associated with a compensated endoplasmic reticulum ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - April 6, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Khilji MS, Bresson SE, Verstappen D, Pihl C, Andersen PAK, Agergaard JB, Dahlby T, Holgersen Bryde T, Klindt K, Nielsen CK, Walentinsson A, Zivkovic D, Bousquet MP, Tyrberg B, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Marzec MT Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

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