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Contribution of NADPH oxidase to the retention of UVR-induced DNA damage by arsenic
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 16;434:115799. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115799. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTArsenic is a naturally occurring element present in food, soil and water and human exposure is associated with increased cancer risk. Arsenic inhibits DNA repair at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations and amplifies the mutagenic and carcinogenic impact of other DNA-damaging agents, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Arsenic exposure leads to oxidation of zinc coordinating cysteine residues, zinc loss and decreased activity of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP)-1. Because arsenic stimulates NA...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - November 19, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Karen L Cooper Lindsay B Volk Dayna R Dominguez Antonia D Duran K J Ke Jian Liu Laurie G Hudson Source Type: research

Similar frequency and signature of untargeted substitutions induced by abasic site analog under reduced human APE1 conditions
J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(6):283-288. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.283.ABSTRACTAbasic sites are formed in cells by various factors including environmental mutagens and considered to be involved in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. A chemically stable abasic site analog (tetrahydrofuran-type analog, THF) induces untargeted base substitutions as well as targeted substitution and large deletion mutations in human cells. The untargeted substitutions may be initiated by the cleavage of the DNA strand bearing THF by the human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) protein, the major repair enzyme for THF and abasic sites. ...
Source: Journal of Toxicological Sciences - June 3, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Tetsuya Suzuki Yuri Katayama Yasuo Komatsu Hiroyuki Kamiya Source Type: research

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