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HBSP improves kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and promotes repair in properdin deficient mice via enhancing phagocytosis of tubular epithelial cells
Phagocytosis plays vital roles in injury and repair, while its regulation by properdin and innate repair receptor, a heterodimer receptor of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)/β common receptor (βcR), in renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) remains unclear. Properdin, a pattern recognition molecule, facilitates phagocytosis by opsonizing damaged cells. Our previous study showed that the phagocytic function of tubular epithelial cells isolated from properdin knockout (PKO) mouse kidneys was compromised, with upregulated EPOR in IR kidneys that was further raised by PKO at repair phase. Here, helix B surface peptide (HBSP), derive...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 3, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Properdin Deficiency Impairs Phagocytosis and Enhances Injury at Kidney Repair Phase Post Ischemia –Reperfusion
This study revealed that properdin knockout (PKO) mice exhibited greater injury in renal function and histology than wild-type (WT) mice post 72-h IR, with more apoptotic cells and macrophages in tubular lumina, increased active caspase-3 and HMGB1, but better histological structure at 24 h. Raised erythropoietin receptor by IR was furthered by PKO and positively correlated with injury and repair markers. Properdin in WT kidneys was also upregulated by IR, while H2O2-increased properdin in TECs was reduced by its small-interfering RNA (siRNA), with raised HMGB1 and apoptosis. Moreover, the phagocytic ability of WT TECs, an...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 6, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Long Non-coding RNAs RN7SK and GAS5 Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Innate Immune Responses
This study elucidates the regulatory role of lncRNAs in monocyte to Mφ differentiation, M1/M2 dichotomy and innate immune responses. Expression profiling of eighty-eight lncRNAs in monocytes and in vitro differentiated M2 Mφ identified seventeen differentially expressed lncRNAs. Based on fold-change and significance, we selected four differentially expressed lncRNAs viz., RN7SK, GAS5, IPW, and ZFAS1 to evaluate their functional impact. LncRNA knockdown was performed on day 3 M2 Mφ and the impact on polarization was assessed on day 7 by surface marker analysis. Knockdown of RN7SK and GAS5 showed downregulation of M2 surf...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 9, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Human CAR NK Cells: A New Non-viral Method Allowing High Efficient Transfection and Strong Tumor Cell Killing
In conclusion, the method of NK cell transfection described in our present study is highly efficient, does not require expensive dedicated structures necessary for viral transduction and avoids possible risks associated with the use of viral vectors. Importantly, it may be applied to NK cells or NK-92 cell line, greatly improving their anti-tumor activity and providing a new NK cell-based platform for new protocols of adoptive immuno-therapy of cancer. Ethics Statement The Ethical Committee of IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital approved the study (825/2014). Author Contributions TI designed and performed res...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

NOD2 and TLR2 Signal via TBK1 and PI31 to Direct Cross-Presentation and CD8 T Cell Responses
The objective of this study was to explore the role of NOD2 and TLR2 in cross-presentation in human dendritic cells undertaking an unbiased screen. We have used a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by a computational analysis to identify the proteins as differentially abundant in response to NOD2 and TLR2 sensing. Validation of the phosphoproteomic analysis was performed by the detection of proteins in phosphoenriched lysates and detected by western blot. Techniques for the modulation of gene expression (shRNA and siRNA) were used to confirm the resu...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Oligomeric S100A4 Is Associated With Monocyte Innate Immune Memory and Bypass of Tolerance to Subsequent Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharides
Conclusion: Bypass of tolerance by DAMPs might be a phenomenon as important as TI, since it could explain how chronic inflammation can be maintained in spite of an environment with multiple TLR2/TLR4-ligands. In RA monocytes, a PRDM8-dependent TI mechanism could be responsible for sustained chemokine/cytokines levels. Introduction Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), activated monocytes massively infiltrate synovial tissues and produce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) (1–3). Accordingly, therapies aime...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 14, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research