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Beneficial effect of ER stress preconditioning in protection against FFA-induced adipocyte inflammation via XBP1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Abstract Adipose tissue inflammation is closely associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are a major inducer of obesity-related insulin resistance. Previously, we reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress potentially mediated retinal inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The unfolded protein response (UPR) protects cells against damage induced by oxidative stress. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) plays a major role in protecting cells by modulating the UPR. However, the link between ER stress and adipocyte inflammation has been poorly investigated. In the prese...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 15, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang M, Chen X, Zheng Z, Yu S, Zhou B, Liu Y, Liu D, Chen Y, Qian X Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Insulin-induced de novo lipid synthesis occurs mainly via mTOR-dependent regulation of proteostasis of SREBP-1c.
Abstract Insulin stimulates de novo lipid synthesis in the liver and in cultured hepatocytes via its ability to activate sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Although PI3K-AKT-mTORC1-p70S6K-signaling kinases are known to drive feed-forward expression of SREBP-1c, the identity of the phosphorylated amino acid residue(s) putatively involved in insulin-stimulated de novo lipogenesis remains elusive. We obtained in silico and mass spectrometry evidence, that was combined with siRNA strategies, to discover that insulin-induced phosphorylation of serine 418, serine 419, and serine 422 in rat SREBP-1c...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 19, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dong Q, Majumdar G, O'Meally RN, Cole RN, Elam MB, Raghow R Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKC- δ reveals a novel signaling pathway that couples protein synthesis to mTORC1 activity.
Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKC-δ reveals a novel signaling pathway that couples protein synthesis to mTORC1 activity. Mol Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan 25;: Authors: Zhan J, Chitta RK, Harwood FC, Grosveld GC Abstract Downstream of insulin-like growth factor receptor, the TSC1/2/ TCB1D7 (tuberous sclerosis complex) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathways are implicated in many human diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Targeting this pathway is currently an important approach for palliating or eradicating cancer. Downstream of mTOR, translational machinery targeting holds great promise for a...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - January 25, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhan J, Chitta RK, Harwood FC, Grosveld GC Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

The utrophin-beta 2 syntrophin complex regulates adipocyte lipid droplet size independent of adipogenesis.
Abstract Utrophin is a widely expressed cytoskeleton protein and is associated with lipid droplets (LDs) in adipocytes. The scaffold protein beta 2 syntrophin (SNTB2) controls signaling events by recruiting distinct membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, and binds to utrophin. Here we show that SNTB2 forms a complex with utrophin in adipocytes. SNTB2 protein is strongly diminished when utrophin is low. Of note, knock-down of utrophin or SNTB2 enhances LD growth during adipogenesis. SNTB2 reduction has no effect on basal and induced lipolysis, and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt is normal. The antilipolytic ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - July 16, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Krautbauer S, Neumeier M, Haberl EM, Pohl R, Feder S, Eisinger K, Rein-Fischboeck L, Buechler C Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

MEK/ERK pathway activation by insulin receptor isoform alteration is associated with the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in diabetic mice.
Abstract In previous studies, we have reported the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. The insulin receptor (IR) and its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK also known as MEK)/extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway is a classic pathway associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of the MEK/ERK pathway in abnormal proliferation and differentiation of IECs in DM mice. DM mouse models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of strept...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - January 2, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ouyang H, Yang HS, Yu T, Shan TD, Li JY, Huang CZ, Zhong W, Xia ZS, Chen QK Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research