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Total 20 results found since Jan 2013.

Amino acids 1811-1960 of myosin heavy chain 9 is involved in murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection
Virology. 2023 Jul 24;587:109849. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109849. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMyosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) has been identified as a crucial factor in gammaherpesvirus infection. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) was used as an appropriate viral model for investigating gammaherpesviruses in vivo and developing antiviral treatments. However, the roles of MYH9 in MHV-68 infection have not been documented. In the study, the relationship between the expression of MYH9 and MHV-68 infection and MYH9 as the antiviral target were analyzed. The results revealed that MYH9 was enriched on the cell surface and co-l...
Source: Virology - July 29, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Ximeng Han Jordan J Clark Parul Sharma Eleanor G Bentley Anja Kipar Mohammed Alsayer Xiaolei Ren Amy Robinson Sondus Alaidarous Yang Mu Yani Sun Julian A Hiscox En-Min Zhou James P Stewart Qin Zhao Source Type: research

Activation of p53-regulated pro-survival signals and hypoxia-independent mitochondrial targeting of TIGAR by human papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins
Virology. 2023 May 22;585:1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.05.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe high-risk subtype human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) infect and oncogenically transform basal epidermal stem cells associated with the development of squamous-cell epithelial cancers. The viral E6 oncoprotein destabilizes the p53 tumor suppressor, inhibits p53 K120-acetylation by the Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60, or Kat5), and prevents p53-dependent apoptosis. Intriguingly, the p53 gene is infrequently mutated in HPV + cervical cancer clinical isolates which suggests a possible paradoxical role for this gatekeeper i...
Source: Virology - May 31, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Lacin Yapindi Tetiana Bowley Nick Kurtaneck Rachel L Bergeson Kylie James Jillian Wilbourne Carolyn K Harrod Brenda Y Hernandez Brooke M Emerling Courtney Yates Robert Harrod Source Type: research

Thymidylate synthase is essential for efficient HIV-1 replication in macrophages
Virology. 2021 Jun 14;561:47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.05.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in nucleotide biosynthesis. A study performed by our group on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected with HIV-1 showed that many enzymes related to the folate cycle pathway, such as TS, are upregulated in productively infected cells. Here, we suggest that TS is essential for an effective HIV-1 infection in MDMs. Indeed, a TS specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as the TS specific inhibitor Raltitrexed (RTX) caused a reduction in productively infected cells. Quantit...
Source: Virology - June 19, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Desrosiers Corinne Barat Yann Breton Michel Ouellet Michel J Tremblay Source Type: research

GADD34 attenuates HIV-1 replication by viral 5'-UTR TAR RNA-mediated translational inhibition.
Abstract Role of GADD34, a protein that is induced following cellular stress, in HIV-1 replication was investigated. GADD34 was induced during the late phase of HIV-1 infection. siRNA-knockdown of GADD34 stimulated whereas overexpression of GADD34 inhibited HIV-1 replication. GADD34 N-terminal ER-binding-helix amino acid region 1-192 alone was found to be sufficient for the inhibition of HIV-1 replication whereas protein-phosphatase -1-binding domain and eIF-2α-phosphatase activity of GADD34 were not crucial for anti-HIV-1 activity. GADD34 did not alter the HIV-1 RNA levels but reduced the viral protein expressio...
Source: Virology - November 14, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Ishaq M, Marshall H, Natarajan V Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Small RNA-based interactions between rice and the viruses which cause the tungro disease.
Abstract Rice tungro disease is caused by a complex of two viruses, Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). To examine the RNAi-based defence response in rice during tungro disease, we characterized the virus-derived small RNAs and miRNAs by Deep Sequencing. We found that, while 21 nt/22 nt (nucleotide) siRNAs are predominantly produced in a continuous, overlapping and asymmetrical manner from RTBV, siRNA accumulation from RTSV were negligible. Additionally, 54 previously known miRNAs from rice, predicted to be regulating genes involved in plant defence, hormone signaling and d...
Source: Virology - August 3, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Zarreen F, Kumar G, Johnson AMA, Dasgupta I Tags: Virology Source Type: research

The down-regulation of casein kinase 1 alpha as a host defense response against infectious bursal disease virus infection.
In conclusion, down-regulation of CK1α during IBDV infection as a host defense response increased abundance of IFNAR1, which in turn enhanced an inhibitory effect on IBDV replication. PMID: 28988058 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Virology - October 4, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Zhang L, Li H, Chen Y, Gao X, Lu Z, Gao L, Wang Y, Gao Y, Gao H, Liu C, Cui H, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Qi X, Wang X Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Hemagglutinin of influenza A virus binds specifically to cell surface nucleolin and plays a role in virus internalization.
Abstract The hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A virus initiates cell entry by binding to sialic acids on target cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that in addition to sialic acids, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 (PR8) virus HA specifically binds to cell surface nucleolin (NCL). The interaction between HA and NCL was initially revealed with virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) and subsequently verified with co-immunoprecipitation. Importantly, inhibiting cell surface NCL with NCL antibody, blocking PR8 viruses with purified NCL protein, or depleting endogenous NCL with siRNA all substanti...
Source: Virology - April 12, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Chan CM, Chu H, Zhang AJ, Leung LH, Sze KH, Kao RY, Chik KK, To KK, Chan JF, Chen H, Jin DY, Liu L, Yuen KY Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Caveolin- and clathrin-independent entry of BKPyV into primary human proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Abstract BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a human pathogen that causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis in transplant patients. Gangliosides and caveolin proteins have previously been reported to be required for BKPyV infection in animal cell models. Recent studies from our lab and others, however, have indicated that the identity of the cells used for infection studies can greatly influence the behavior of the virus. We therefore wished to re-examine BKPyV entry in a physiologically relevant primary cell culture model, human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Using siRNA knockdowns, we ...
Source: Virology - February 19, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Zhao L, Marciano AT, Rivet CR, Imperiale MJ Tags: Virology Source Type: research

DC-SIGN as an attachment factor mediates Japanese encephalitis virus infection of human dendritic cells via interaction with a single high-mannose residue of viral E glycoprotein.
Abstract The skin-resident dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to be the first defender to encounter incoming viruses and likely play a role in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) early infection. In the current study, following the demonstration of JEV productive infection in DCs, we revealed that the interaction between JEV envelope glycoprotein (E glycoprotein) and DC-SIGN was important for such infection as evidenced by antibody neutralization and siRNA knockdown experiments. Moreover, the high-mannose N-linked glycan at N154 of E glycoprotein was shown to be crucial for JEV binding to DC-SIGN and subsequent inter...
Source: Virology - November 26, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Wang P, Hu K, Luo S, Zhang M, Deng X, Li C, Jin W, Hu B, He S, Li M, Du T, Xiao G, Zhang B, Liu Y, Hu Q Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus encoded AC2 protein suppresses RNA silencing by inhibiting Arabidopsis RDR6 and AGO1 activities.
Abstract RNA silencing refers to a conserved RNA-directed gene regulatory mechanism in a wide range of eukaryotes. It plays an important role in many processes including growth, development, genome stability, and antiviral defense in the plants. Geminivirus encoded AC2 is identified as an RNA silencing suppressor protein, however, the mechanism of action has not been characterized. In this paper, we elucidate another mechanism of AC2-mediated suppression activity of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV). The AC2 protein, unlike many other suppressors, does not bind to siRNA or dsRNA species and its suppressio...
Source: Virology - September 30, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Kumar V, Mishra SK, Rahman J, Taneja J, Sundaresan G, Mishra NS, Mukherjee SK Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Flavivirus sfRNA suppresses antiviral RNA interference in cultured cells and mosquitoes and directly interacts with the RNAi machinery.
In this study, we demonstrate that two flaviviruses, Dengue virus and Kunjin virus, significantly repress siRNA-mediated RNAi in infected human cells as well as during infection of the mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Arthropod-borne flaviviruses generate a small structured non-coding RNA from the viral 3' UTR referred to as sfRNA. Analysis of infections with a mutant Kunjin virus that is unable to generate appreciable amounts of the major sfRNA species indicated that RNAi suppression was associated with the generation of the non-coding sfRNA. Co-immunoprecipitation of sfRNA with RNAi mediators Dicer and Ago2 sugges...
Source: Virology - August 28, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Moon SL, Dodd BJ, Brackney DE, Wilusz CJ, Ebel GD, Wilusz J Tags: Virology Source Type: research