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Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Morphine Modulates Mouse Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Lineages by Upregulating miR‐181a Level
Abstract The mechanism by which addictive drugs such as morphine regulate adult neurogenesis remains elusive. We now demonstrate that morphine can regulate neurogenesis by control of miR‐181a and subsequent hippocampal neural progenitor cell (hNPC) lineages. In the presence of morphine, hNPCs preferentially differentiated into astrocytes, an effect blocked by the specific μ‐opioid receptor antagonist, Cys2‐Tyr3‐Orn5‐Pen7‐amide. This effect was mediated by the Prox1/Notch1 pathway as demonstrated by an increase in Notch1 level in the morphine‐ but not fentanyl‐treated hNPCs and blocked by overexpression of ...
Source: Stem Cells - October 14, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Chi Xu, Yue Zhang, Hui Zheng, Horace H. Loh, Ping‐Yee Law Tags: Tissue‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research