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A proteolytic C-terminal fragment of Nogo-A (reticulon-4A) is released in exosomes and potently inhibits axon regeneration Cell Biology
Glial signals are known to inhibit axonal regeneration and functional recovery after mammalian central nervous system trauma, including spinal cord injury. Such signals include membrane-associated proteins of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane and astrocyte-derived, matrix-associated proteins. Here, using cell lines and primary cortical neuron cultures, recombinant protein expression, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays, transmission EM of exosomes, and axon regeneration assays, we explored the secretion and activity of the myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A and observed exosomal release of a 24-kD...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 20, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yuichi Sekine, Jane A. Lindborg, Stephen M. Strittmatter Tags: Editors ' Picks Source Type: research

Opioid Receptor Expression in Neuropathic Pain Neurobiology
In this study, we determined the role of G9a in diminished MOR expression and opioid analgesic effects in animal models of neuropathic pain. We found that nerve injury in rats induced a long-lasting reduction in the expression level of MORs in the DRG but not in the spinal cord. Nerve injury consistently increased the enrichment of the G9a product histone 3 at lysine 9 dimethylation in the promoter of Oprm1 in the DRG. G9a inhibition or siRNA knockdown fully reversed MOR expression in the injured DRG and potentiated the morphine effect on pain hypersensitivity induced by nerve injury. In mice lacking Ehmt2 in DRG neurons, ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 14, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zhang, Y., Chen, S.-R., Laumet, G., Chen, H., Pan, H.-L. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Epigenetic Control of Pannexin-1 Expression in Chronic Pain Neurobiology
In this study, we determined the epigenetic mechanism involved in increased Panx1 expression in the DRG after nerve injury. Spinal nerve ligation in rats significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of Panx1 in the DRG but not in the spinal cord. Immunocytochemical labeling showed that Panx1 was primarily expressed in a subset of medium and large DRG neurons in control rats and that nerve injury markedly increased the number of Panx1-immunoreactive DRG neurons. Nerve injury significantly increased the enrichment of two activating histone marks (H3K4me2 and H3K9ac) and decreased the occupancy of two repressive histon...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - June 4, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zhang, Y., Laumet, G., Chen, S.-R., Hittelman, W. N., Pan, H.-L. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research