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Source: Cancer Research
Cancer: Colorectal Cancer
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Total 94 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract IA05: Regulation of Ras proteins and their effectors
Ras proteins regulate multiple phenotypes, including proliferation, contact inhibition, cell motility, metabolism, and genome integrity. This range of phenotypes may relate to the number of different effector pathways that Ras activates. The best validated of these is the Raf/MAPK pathway. Ras proteins can activate PI 3-kinase pathways directly, though this seems to vary between tissue types. Ras proteins bind and activate RalGDS, but this pathway is less well understood. In addition to these three major pathways, Ras proteins in their GTP state interact directly with several other potential effectors.Analysis of the contr...
Source: Cancer Research - March 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tina Yuan, Frank McCormick Tags: Oncogenic Signals Translate the Cancer Genome Source Type: research
Abstract B05: The RNA-binding protein HuR enhances exosome secretion in colorectal cancer
Enhanced secretion of exosomes by cancer cells is recognized as a means of transferring oncogenic information within the tumor microenvironment. Through their ability to carry specific RNA and protein cargo, tumor-derived exosomes are now being recognized for their ability to impact the tumor microenvironment and as promising cancer biomarkers. However, our knowledge of the cellular factors that promote increased exosome production from tumor cells and how they impact the loading of specific tumor-promoting RNA cargo is limited. Our prior work has established that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tumors overexpress the ke...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ranjan Preet, Wei-Ting Hung, Shufei Zhuang, Lane K. Christenson, Dan A. Dixon Tags: Screening and Early Detection Source Type: research
Abstract B16: Activation of NRF2 and adaptive resistance to chemotherapy
Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a member of the cap ‘n’ collar family of bZIP transcription factors, confers protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is of great interest in cancer research, due to its role in response to chemotherapy, including the class of drugs targeting thymidylate synthase (TYMS). It has long been known that inhibition of TYMS leads to depletion of thymidine levels and the onset of programmed cell death, deriving from the enzyme's function as the sole de novo source of thymidine for DNA replication and repair. Exposing cells to TYMS inhibitors such as fluorop...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah A. Clinton, Karen W. Barbour, Franklin G. Berger Tags: New Therapeutic Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Source Type: research
Transcription Factor ZBP-89 Drives a Feedforward Loop of {beta}-Catenin Expression in Colorectal Cancer
In colorectal cancer, APC-mediated induction of unregulated cell growth involves posttranslational mechanisms that prevent proteasomal degradation of proto-oncogene β-catenin (CTNNB1) and its eventual translocation to the nucleus. However, about 10% of colorectal tumors also exhibit increased CTNNB1 mRNA. Here, we show in colorectal cancer that increased expression of ZNF148, the gene coding for transcription factor ZBP-89, correlated with reduced patient survival. Tissue arrays showed that ZBP-89 protein was overexpressed in the early stages of colorectal cancer. Conditional deletion of Zfp148 in a mouse model of Apc-med...
Source: Cancer Research - November 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bryan E. Essien, Sinȷu Sundaresan, Ramon Ocadiz–Ruiz, Aaron Chavis, Amy C. Tsao, Arthur J. Tessier, Michael M. Hayes, Amanda Photenhauer, Milena Saqui–Salces, Anthony J. Kang, Yatrik M. Shah, Balazs Győrffy, Juanita L. Merchant Tags: Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Source Type: research
Abstract 35: Diacylglycerol kinase zeta-mediated regulation of mTOR and SREBP-1 offers new opportunities for cancer management
Diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are two lipids that lie at the core of several metabolic and signaling pathways, which allows integrated control of cell growth and nutrient sensing with cell metabolism. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) are a family of enzymes that balance the levels of both lipids. Some DGK isoforms, mainly DGKα, have been recently suggested as potential targets for cancer treatment (Dominguez et al, 2013; Torres-Ayuso et al, 2014). Previous observations from us indicate that the DGKζ isoform contributes the most to DGK activity in cancer cells, and DGKζ-derived PA is required for mTOR activ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Torres-Ayuso, P., Jones, D., Tello-Lafoz, M., Avila-Flores, A., Merida, I. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 905: Influence of high fat diet and APC status on epigenetic regulation of FXR in colon cells
We examined the effects on CpG pmethylation of Fxr, and expression of FXR, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. Also, we studied the influence of APC status on CpG methylation of the Fxr gene, and expression of FXR, ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), small heterodimer partner (SHP), and COX-2 mRNA in normal colonic mucosa and colon tumors from APCMin/+ mice. Mice fed the HFD had reduced (60%) Fxr promoter methylation and increased (2∼3-fold) FXR, COX-2, and PPARγ mRNA levels. Conversely, APC-deficiency was associated with constitutive hypermethylation of the...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Selmin, O. I., Lyon, A. M., Fang, C., Doetschman, T. C., Thompson, P. A., Martinez, J. D., Smith, J., Lance, P. M., Romagnolo, D. F. Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research
Abstract 916: The molecular landscape of colorectal cancer cell lines unveils clinically actionable targets
In conclusion our data suggest that overexpression of TK outliers drives primary resistance to EGFR blockade, and could be used to identify patients unlikely to respond to cetuximab or panitumumab. Moreover, the approach described here can be used to pinpoint colorectal cancers with exquisite dependencies to individual kinases for which clinically approved drugs are already available.Citation Format: Mariangela Russo, Gabriele Picco, Carlotta Cancelliere, Giorgio Corti, Emanuele Valtorta, Silvio Veronese, Marco Beccuti, Francesca Cordero, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Enzo Medico, Alberto Bardelli. The molecular landscape of c...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Russo, M., Picco, G., Cancelliere, C., Corti, G., Valtorta, E., Veronese, S., Beccuti, M., Cordero, F., Di Nicolantonio, F., Medico, E., Bardelli, A. Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research
Abstract LB-136: The role of ER chaperone GRP94 in endometrial cancer progression
This study expands our understanding of GRP94 function in the progression of solid tumors and provides the first evidence that GRP94 could be a target for combating endometrial cancer.Citation Format: Jieli Shen, Yvonne G. Lin, Louis Dubeau, Amy S. Lee. The role of ER chaperone GRP94 in endometrial cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-136. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-136
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shen, J., Lin, Y. G., Dubeau, L., Lee, A. S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 254: TiMi1 is a novel immune-checkpoint in solid tumors identified via a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-based RNAi screening
In this study, we established and utilized a novel high throughput RNAi screening to identify new immune checkpoint molecules in melanoma using antigen-specific patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in conjunction with primary HLA-matched melanoma cells. Using this approach, we screened a siRNA library targeting more than 1200 surface receptors and kinases to explore novel targets for immunotherapy.Briefly, HLA-A2 and luciferase positive M579-A2-luc melanoma cells were reversely transfected with the siRNA library and then co-cultured with MART1- and gp100-specific TILs to validate the TIL-mediated tumor lys...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michels, T., Hartl, C. A., Khandelwal, N., Breinig, M., Sorrentino, A., Mader, C., Umansky, L., Poschke, I., Offringa, R., Boutros, M., Eisenberg, G., Lotem, M., Beckhove, P. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research
Abstract 159: LncRNA RoR enhances the c-Myc mRNA stability in colon cancer
Conclusion: It is well known that c-Myc mRNA has a very short half-life and regulation of c-Myc mRNA stability is complex. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation of c-Myc mRNA stability involving lncRNA-RoR, hnRNP U and hnRNP D.Citation Format: Jianguo Huang. LncRNA RoR enhances the c-Myc mRNA stability in colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-159
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Huang, J. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 160: ZFAS1, long non-coding RNA with significance in colorectal cancer
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. However, the existence of multiple known carcinogens and varying genetic backgrounds makes it difficult to determine which factors are most important in the development of CRC. Therefore, the identification of a bona fide molecule involved in progression of CRC has been greatly sought after. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as key molecules in human cancer, and some of them were shown to have potential for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. ZFAS1, an lncRNA, has been recently revealed involving in human breast cancer as putative tum...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Thorenoor, N., Vychytilova, P., Mlcochova, J., Hombach, S., Kretz, M., Sana, J., Slaby, O. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 509: MicroRNA-140 suppresses the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell possibly through targeting Smad3
Conclusions miR-140 directly targets Smad3 in the post-transcriptional level. miR-140 suppresses the migrating and invasive potentials of CRC cell, possibly through down-regulating Smad3. The findings of this study suggest that miR-140 may have a unique potential as a possible biomarker candidate for tumor metastasis diagnosis and therapy.[Keywords] Colon neoplasms; microRNA-140; SMAD family member 3; Cell migration; Cell invasionCitation Format: Bo Song, Wenyue Zhao, Lianhong Li. MicroRNA-140 suppresses the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell possibly through targeting Smad3. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of th...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Song, B., Zhao, W., Li, L. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 519: V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) demonstrates a tumor suppressive function in gastric cancer and non-small cell lung cancer
V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) was recently identified as a novel member of immunoglobulin-like cell-adhesion molecules. In human, VSIG1 has 2 transcript variant forms (variant 1 and variant 2). In normal tissues, VSIG1 was reported to be expressed predominantly in stomach and testis. In cancerous tissues, the expression of VSIG1 was shown to be restricted in a part of gastric, esophageal, and ovarian cancers. However, the role of VSIG1 in cancer progression has not been elucidated.VSIG1 protein expression in human normal tissues obtained at autopsy was detected by western blot analysis. We also analy...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Inoue, Y., Kurabe, N., Matsuura, S., Maeda, M., Kahyo, T., Igarashi, H., Funai, K., Niwa, H., Ogawa, H., Shinmura, K., Konno, H., Suda, T., Sugimura, H. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 191: The role of microRNAs in the epigenetic silencing of CHD5, a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. NBs show remarkable clinical heterogeneity, and we, along with others, have identified different patterns of genomic change that underlie these diverse clinical behaviors. We first identified 1p deletion as a characteristic change in advanced stage NBs. CHD5, a tumor suppressor gene, was first identified because of its location on 1p36. However, mutation of the remaining allele of CHD5 is rare in these tumors. Therefore, it is likely that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in CH...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Naraparaju, K., Kolla, V., Zhuang, T., Higashi, M., Blobel, G. A., Brodeur, G. M. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 1064: RASSF10 suppresses colorectal cancer growth by activating p53 signaling and sensitizes colorectal cancer cell to docetaxel
RASSF10 has previously been reported to be frequently methylated in a number of malignancies. To understand the importance of RASSF10 inactivation in colorectal carcinogenesis, eight colorectal cancer cell lines, 89 cases of primary colorectal cancer and 5 cases of normal colorectal mucosa were examined. Methylation specific PCR, western blot, siRNA, gene expression array and xenograft mice were employed. The expression of RASSF10 was was regulated by promoter regional methylation in colorectal cancer cells. RASSF10 was methylated in 60.7% (54/89) of primary colorectal cancers and was positively associated with tumor stage (p
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Guo, J., Yang, Y., , Linghu, E., Zhan, Q., Brock, M. V., Herman, J. G., Zhang, B., Guo, M. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
