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Infectious Disease: Outbreaks

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Total 46 results found since Jan 2013.

Fewer Scientists Are Studying Insects. Here ’s Why That’s So Dangerous
In the summer of 2016, Jerome Goddard, a medical entomologist in Mississippi, received an email from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with a desperate ask. The agency was conducting an “urgent” search for insect scientists around the U.S. who could take up to a six-month paid leave from work to help the CDC fight the Zika outbreak in the U.S., and possibly respond to areas with local transmission if needed. “That’s how bad it is—they need to borrow someone,” says Goddard, an extension professor of medical entomology at Mississippi State University. “We can&...
Source: TIME: Health - February 14, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alexandra Sifferlin Tags: Uncategorized healthytime public health Source Type: news

Is Our Academic System Ready for a New Coronavirus Normal?
Credit: Pîxabay.By Esther Ngumbi and Brian LovettILLINOIS, United States, Mar 11 2020 (IPS) Institutions of higher education have a responsibility to lead by example and to provide current, high-quality information to the people and communities that support them. This responsibility is no clearer than during a public health and information crisis like the one presented by this novel coronavirus. State and local governments in particular should be able to rely on Universities for guidance on protective evidence-based precautionary measures, whether it’s cancelling events, closing schools or formulating public health post...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - March 11, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Esther Ngumbi and Brian Lovett Tags: Education Featured Global Headlines Health TerraViva United Nations Coronavirus Source Type: news

New Mosquito Species Could Derail Fight Against Malaria
Stagnant water in one of Nairobi’s residential areas. Credit: Wilson Odhiambo/IPSBy Wilson OdhiamboNAIROBI, May 8 2023 (IPS) ‘Urban’ Kenya has been alerted because new mosquito species, Anopheles stephensi, threatens to derail decades of effort made in the fight against malaria. According to a report by experts from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), the species was first noted during routine mosquito surveillance in Saku and Laisamis villages in Marsabit County. The report states that, unlike the traditional mosquito vector, the Anopheles stephensi can adapt to man-made habitats that include plastic cont...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - May 8, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Wilson Odhiambo Tags: Africa Climate Change Development & Aid Environment Featured Headlines Health Humanitarian Emergencies TerraViva United Nations IPS UN Bureau IPS UN Bureau Report Kenya Source Type: news

Mosquito and West Nile virus surveillance in northeast Montana, U.S.A., 2005 and 2006
Abstract Mosquito and West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance was conducted on a national wildlife refuge in northeast Montana in 2005 and 2006, during which outbreaks of WNV in a colony of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin) (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae) resulted in juvenile mortality rates of ∼ 31%. Both years, floodwater species Ochlerotatus dorsalis (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes vexans (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ochlerotatus flavescens (Muller) (Diptera: Culicidae) comprised 78% of the total collection and heightened host‐seeking activity was observed from mid‐June to mid‐July....
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - May 6, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: K. M. FRIESEN, G. D. JOHNSON Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Sympatric occurrence of Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae) biotypes pipiens, molestus and their hybrids in Portugal, Western Europe: feeding patterns and habitat determinants
Abstract Culex (Culex) pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) has two recognized biotypes, pipiens and molestus, which differ in physiology and behaviour; this difference may influence vectorial capacity for West Nile virus (WNV). Our goal was first to determine the presence of Cx. pipiens populations in 31 locations in Portugal and to subsequently analyse their host‐feeding preferences and habitat determinants. Molecular identification of Cx. pipiens forms and their hybrids was performed in 97 females; bloodmeal sources were identified in 59 engorged specimens. Overall, 61.9% of specimens were identified as Cx. pipiens f. p...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - June 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: H. C. Osório, L. Zé‐Zé, F. Amaro, A. Nunes, M. J. Alves Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic signal of wing shape in western European biting midges, Culicoides spp., of the subgenus Avaritia
This study uses a combination of cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcode sequencing and geometric morphometric analyses to investigate wing shape as a means to infer species identification within this subgenus. In addition the congruence of morphological data with different phylogenetic hypotheses is tested. Five different species of the subgenus Avaritia were considered in the study (C. obsoletus (Meigen); C. scoticus Kettle and Lawson; C. chiopterus (Meigen); C. dewulfi Goetghebuer and C. imicola (Kieffer)). The study demonstrated that over 90% of individuals could be separated correctly into species by their wing shape and...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - December 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. MUÑOZ‐MUÑOZ, S. TALAVERA, S. CARPENTER, S. A. NIELSEN, D. WERNER, N. PAGÈS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Bluetongue, Schmallenberg - what is next? Culicoides-borne viral diseases in the 21st Century
In the past decade, two pathogens transmitted by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus, have caused serious economic losses to the European livestock industry, most notably affecting sheep and cattle. These outbreaks of arboviral disease have highlighted large knowledge gaps on the biology and ecology of indigenous Culicoides species. With these research gaps in mind, and as a means of assessing what potential disease outbreaks to expect in the future, an international workshop was held in May 2013 at Wageningen University, The Netherlands. It brought together researc...
Source: BioMed Central - March 31, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Constantianus JM KoenraadtThomas BalenghienSimon CarpenterEls DucheyneArmin RW ElbersMark FifeClaire GarrosAdolfo Ibáñez-JusticiaHelge KampenRichard JM KormelinkBertrand LossonWim HM van der PoelNick De ReggePiet A van RijnChristopher SandersFrancis Sch Source Type: research

Evaluation of a temperate climate mosquito, Ochlerotatus detritus (Aedes detritus), as a potential vector of Japanese encephalitis virus
Abstract. The U.K. has not yet experienced a confirmed outbreak of mosquito‐borne virus transmission to people or livestock despite numerous autochthonous epizootic and human outbreaks of mosquito‐borne diseases on the European mainland. Indeed, whether or not British mosquitoes are competent to transmit arboviruses has not been established. Therefore, the competence of a local (temperate) British mosquito species, Ochlerotatus detritus (Aedes detritus) (Diptera: Culicidae) for transmission of a member of the genus Flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model for mosquito‐borne virus transmission was asse...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 4, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. MACKENZIE‐IMPOINVIL, D. E. IMPOINVIL, S. E. GALBRAITH, R. J. DILLON, H. RANSON, N. JOHNSON, A. R. FOOKS, T. SOLOMON, M. BAYLIS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Mosquito survey during West Nile virus outbreak 2012 in northeast Croatia.
Abstract During the August and September 2012, seven human cases of the West Nile neuro-invasive disease were reported in Croatia. Medical entomology research on a potential vectors during the outbreak was supported by the Ministry of Health. A mosquito survey has been done in 64 sites in three eastern Croatian counties (Osijek-Baranja County, Vukovar-Srijem county and in Brod-Posavina county). Dry ice baited CDC traps were used for mosquito sampling in a period from the 10th to 25th September 2012. A total of 1785 mosquitoes were collected and 5 species were determined. The most numerous species were Aedes vexans...
Source: Collegium Antropologicum - June 1, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Merdić E, Vignjević G, Turić N, Bogojević MS, Milas J, Vrućina I, Zahirović Z Tags: Coll Antropol Source Type: research

Evaluation of a temperate climate mosquito, Ochlerotatus detritus (=Aedes detritus), as a potential vector of Japanese encephalitis virus
Abstract The U.K. has not yet experienced a confirmed outbreak of mosquito‐borne virus transmission to people or livestock despite numerous autochthonous epizootic and human outbreaks of mosquito‐borne diseases on the European mainland. Indeed, whether or not British mosquitoes are competent to transmit arboviruses has not been established. Therefore, the competence of a local (temperate) British mosquito species, Ochlerotatus detritus (=Aedes detritus) (Diptera: Culicidae) for transmission of a member of the genus Flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model for mosquito‐borne virus transmission was asse...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 4, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. MACKENZIE‐IMPOINVIL, D. E. IMPOINVIL, S. E. GALBRAITH, R. J. DILLON, H. RANSON, N. JOHNSON, A. R. FOOKS, T. SOLOMON, M. BAYLIS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Ecological approaches to informing public health policy and risk assessments on emerging vector-borne zoonoses.
This article reviews the importance for inclusion of such disciplines when assessing the public health risk from vector-borne zoonoses and summarizes the possible future challenges and driving forces for changes in vector status and vector-borne zoonoses emergence, with a particular focus on a UK and European context. PMID: 22460391 [PubMed]
Source: Emerging Health Threats Journal - December 2, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Emerg Health Threats J Source Type: research

The geographic distribution and ecological preferences of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in the U.S.A.
In this study, we developed a continent‐scale map for the distribution of the EP vector species D. variabilis, using a presence‐only modelling approach to assess the habitat preferences of this tick. We used identification records from our tick geodatabase of locations in which the presence of the ADT had been noted. The potential distribution of the ADT in the U.S.A. was estimated from environmental factors using the maximum entropy approach based on localities in which there is a high probability of occurrence according to habitat suitability. Elevation and temperature were found to be biologically significant envi...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - February 16, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A. M. JAMES, C. BURDETT, M. J. MCCOOL, A. FOX, P. RIGGS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Evaluation of vector competence for West Nile virus in Italian Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) mosquitoes
Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arboviral pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes in a cycle that involves wild birds as reservoir hosts. The virus is responsible for outbreaks of viral encephalitis in humans and horses. In Europe, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) is considered to be the main vector of WNV, but other species such as Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae) may also act as competent vectors of this virus. Since 2008 human cases of WNV disease have been reported in northeast Italy. In 2011, new areas of southern Italy became involved and a first outbreak of WNV lineage 1 occurre...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 18, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. FORTUNA, M. E. REMOLI, F. SEVERINI, M. DI LUCA, L. TOMA, F. FOIS, P. BUCCI, D. BOCCOLINI, R. ROMI, M. G. CIUFOLINI Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Evaluation of vector competence for West Nile virus in Italian Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) mosquitoes
Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arboviral pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes in a cycle that involves wild birds as reservoir hosts. The virus is responsible for outbreaks of viral encephalitis in humans and horses. In Europe, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) is considered to be the main vector of WNV, but other species such as Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae) may also act as competent vectors of this virus. Since 2008 human cases of WNV disease have been reported in northeast Italy. In 2011, new areas of southern Italy became involved and a first outbreak of WNV lineage 1 occurre...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 18, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. FORTUNA, M. E. REMOLI, F. SEVERINI, M. DI LUCA, L. TOMA, F. FOIS, P. BUCCI, D. BOCCOLINI, R. ROMI, M. G. CIUFOLINI Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Factors That Influence the Transmission of West Nile Virus in Florida
West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in New York City during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in Florida in 2001. Although WNV has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout North America, comparable epidemics have never materialized in Florida. Here, we review some of the reasons why WNV has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in Florida. The primary vector of mosquito-borne encephalitis virus in Florida is Culex nigripalpus Theobald. Rainfall, drought, and temperature are the primary factors that...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Day, J. F., Tabachnick, W. J., Smartt, C. T. Tags: Forum Source Type: research