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Favipiravir and Ribavirin protect immunocompetent mice from lethal CCHFV infection
In this study, we describe a lethal model of CCHFV infection using a mouse-adapted strain of CCHFV (MA-CCHFV) in adult wild-type male mice. Infected mice developed high viral loads, tissue pathology, inflammatory immune responses before ultimately succumbing to the infection. We used the model to evaluate the protective efficacy of nucleoside analogs monulpiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, the antibiotic tigecycline and the corticosteroids dexamethasone and methylprednisolone against lethal CCHFV infection. Tigecycline, monulpiravir and the corticosteroids failed to protect mice from lethal MA-CCHFV infection. In contrast, f...
Source: Antiviral Research - August 23, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Thomas Tipih Kimberly Meade-White Deepashri Rao Trenton Bushmaker Mathew Lewis Carl Shaia Heinz Feldmann David W Hawman Source Type: research

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Manifestations of Disease and Approaches to Treatment and Prevention in Humans
Comp Med. 2021 Sep 17. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus has challenged civilization and modern science in ways that few infectious diseases and natural disasters have previously, causing globally significant human morbidity and mortality and triggering economic downturns across financial markets that will be dealt with for generations. Despite this, the pandemic has also brought an opportunity for humanity to come together and participate ...
Source: Comparative Medicine - September 18, 2021 Category: Zoology Authors: Michael E Watson Kengo Inagaki Jason B Weinberg Source Type: research

Increasing the Chemical Variety of Small-Molecule-Based TLR4 Modulators: An Overview
Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the receptors of innate immunity. It is activated by Pathogen- and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and triggers pro-inflammatory responses that belong to the repertoire of innate immune responses, consequently protecting against infectious challenges and boosting adaptive immunity. Mild TLR4 stimulation by non-toxic molecules resembling its natural agonist (lipid A) provided efficient vaccine adjuvants. The non-toxic TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) has been approved for clinical use. This suggests the development of other TLR4 agonists as adjuvants or ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 9, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research