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Favipiravir and Ribavirin protect immunocompetent mice from lethal CCHFV infection
In this study, we describe a lethal model of CCHFV infection using a mouse-adapted strain of CCHFV (MA-CCHFV) in adult wild-type male mice. Infected mice developed high viral loads, tissue pathology, inflammatory immune responses before ultimately succumbing to the infection. We used the model to evaluate the protective efficacy of nucleoside analogs monulpiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, the antibiotic tigecycline and the corticosteroids dexamethasone and methylprednisolone against lethal CCHFV infection. Tigecycline, monulpiravir and the corticosteroids failed to protect mice from lethal MA-CCHFV infection. In contrast, f...
Source: Antiviral Research - August 23, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Thomas Tipih Kimberly Meade-White Deepashri Rao Trenton Bushmaker Mathew Lewis Carl Shaia Heinz Feldmann David W Hawman Source Type: research

Intranasal inoculation of female BALB/c mice with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein aggravates lung pathology upon re-encountering the antigen
Virus Res. 2023 Aug 16:199201. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199201. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPreclinical studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N)-based vaccines, along with other viral protein(s), confer protection in various animal models against infection by SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and variants of concern. However, the optimal vaccination procedure and the role of N-specific host adaptive immune responses remain elusive. Here, we report that intranasal inoculation with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 expressing SARS-CoV-2 N protein (Ad5-N) conferred no protection in the lung of female BALB/...
Source: Virus Research - August 18, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Junxia Cao Hongjing Gu Xueting Zhang Hongfang Yun Jiarong Li Chuan-Yimu Si Jiyan Zhang Hui Wang Source Type: research

The transcriptome of the parapoxvirus Orf virus reveals novel promoters for heterologous gene expression by poxvirus vectors
Virology. 2023 Aug 6;587:109864. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109864. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOrf virus (ORFV) has been used as a vaccine delivery vector for multiple animal species. Several strategies are being used to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of ORFV vectors, including the use of poxviral promoter(s) with strong early and late activity capable of driving the expression of the heterologous genes for a prolonged time and eliciting a potent immune response. Here, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach to analyze the transcriptome of ORFV during infection in primary ovine cells. Based on the transcriptio...
Source: Virology - August 18, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Lok R Joshi Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento Diego G Diel Source Type: research

The role of zinc sulfate in enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine
Virus Res. 2023 Aug 1:199189. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199189. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a rapidly propagating infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, especially cattle and pigs, affecting the productivity and profitability of the livestock industry. Presently, FMD is controlled and prevented using vaccines; however, conventional FMD vaccines have several disadvantages, including short vaccine efficacy, low antibody titers, and safety issues in pigs, indicating the need for further studies. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel bivalent vaccine containing zinc sulfate as an...
Source: Virus Research - August 3, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mi-Kyeong Ko Hyeong Won Kim So Hui Park Jong-Hyeon Park Su-Mi Kim Min Ja Lee Source Type: research

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