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Specialty: Orthopaedics

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Total 785 results found since Jan 2013.

Effects of walking with loads above the ankle on gait parameters of persons with hemiparesis after stroke
This study investigated the effects of walking with different loads attached above the paretic ankle on biomechanical gait parameters during over ground walking in post-stroke participants.Methods: Ten participants with moderate chronic hemiparesis were evaluated while walking over ground with three different loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5kg) attached above the paretic ankle. Gait speed, cadence, step lengths as well as hip and knee angular displacements, joint moments and power of the paretic limb were compared while walking with and without loads.Findings: Walking with a load led to an increased in gait speed (+0.03–0.05m/s)...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - January 8, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Cyril Duclos, Sylvie Nadeau, Nicholas Bourgeois, Laurent Bouyer, Carol L. Richards Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Temporal and spatial gait parameters in patients dependent on walking assistance after stroke: Reliability and agreement between simple and advanced methods of assessment
Highlights: Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of temporal and spatial gait parameters in patients dependent on walking assistance after severe stroke, and to examine agreement between simple and advanced methods. Twenty-one patients, admitted for in-patient multidisciplinary rehabilitation, were assessed repeatedly for walking function, both in a test corridor and a gait laboratory (3D camera system) before and after 11 weeks of rehabilitation. The test–retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation (ICC1.1), and measurement error was reported by within-subject standard devi...
Source: Gait and Posture - April 11, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ellen Høyer, Arve Opheim, Liv Inger Strand, Rolf Moe-Nilssen Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the GAITRite system among individuals with sub-acute stroke
Highlights: Abstract: Technology-based assessment tools with semi-automated processing, such as pressure-sensitive mats used for gait assessment, may be considered to be objective; therefore it may be assumed that rater reliability is not a concern. However, user input is often required and rater reliability must be determined. The purpose of this study was to assess the inter- and intra-rater reliability of spatial and temporal characteristics of gait in stroke patients using the GAITRite system. Forty-six individuals with stroke attending in-patient rehabilitation walked across the pressure-sensitive mat 2–4 times at p...
Source: Gait and Posture - March 14, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jennifer S. Wong, Hardika Jasani, Vivien Poon, Elizabeth L. Inness, William E. McIlroy, Avril Mansfield Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

Modelling the recovery of acute stroke survivors during adaptive robot-assisted training
In this study, the analysis of the trial-by-trial performance highlighted three main aspects of the recovery process: learning, retention, and slacking.
Source: Gait and Posture - August 1, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: I. Tamagnone, I. Sterpi, V. Squeri, A. Basteris, M. Casadio, V. Sanguineti, P. Sessarego Source Type: research

A population-based five-year study on the risk of stroke in patients with osteoporosis in Taiwan
This study was intended to estimate the risk of stroke among elder persons aged ≥50years within five years of being diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Source: Bone - November 15, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Chia-Hsien Lin, Wei-Chiao Chang, Chun-Nan Kuo, Hann-Chin Yu, Chien-Chang Yang, Yea-Wen Lin, Kuo-Sheng Hung, Wei-Pin Chang Tags: Original Full Length Article Source Type: research

A sock for foot-drop: A preliminary study on two chronic stroke patients
Conclusion: Despite positive user perceptions, the study found no clear evidence that dorsiflex sock is effective in improving foot-drop. Clinical relevance Although the dorsiflex sock offers an attractive alternative to an ankle foot orthosis, the case studies found no clear evidence of its efficacy. Clinicians should view this device with caution until further research becomes available.
Source: Prosthetics and Orthotics International - September 22, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Prenton, S., Kenney, L. P., Cooper, G., Major, M. J. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Quantifying Changes In Material Properties Of Stroke-Impaired Muscle
Material properties of muscles are clinically important parameters for evaluating altered muscle function. Stroke survivors display motor impairments almost immediately after the vascular event, and then gradually develop altered muscle properties. Little is known about the magnitude of these changes in muscle material properties, specifically stiffness. Previous measures of stiffness are limited to estimates of joint stiffness or groups of muscles. Thus, our aim was to determine changes in passive muscle stiffness and composition by measuring: 1) shear wave speed using shear wave ultrasound elastography and 2) echo intens...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - January 21, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Sabrina S.M. Lee, Sam Spear, William Z. Rymer Source Type: research

Changes in center of pressure displacement with the use of a foot drop stimulator in individuals with stroke
Individuals with stroke using a foot drop stimulator contacted the ground more posterior at initial contact and utilized more of the anterior/posterior plantar surface of the foot on the affected limb during stance. With the foot drop stimulator there was also a shift in center of pressure towards the medial side possibly indicating an improvement in equinovarus gait where there is a tendency to load the lateral foot throughout stance. For individuals with stroke a foot drop stimulator can improve displacement of the center of pressure which indicates improved forward progression and stability during walking.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - March 27, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Karen J. Nolan, Mathew Yarossi, Patrick Mclaughlin Source Type: research

The effect of changing plantarflexion resistive moment of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis on ankle and knee joint angles and moments while walking in patients post stroke
The adjustment of plantarflexion resistive moment of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis is considered important in patients post stroke, but the evidence is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the plantarflexion resistive moment of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis on ankle and knee joint angles and moments in patients post stroke.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - June 25, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Toshiki Kobayashi, Madeline L. Singer, Michael S. Orendurff, Fan Gao, Wayne K. Daly, K. Bo Foreman Source Type: research

Biomechanical Gait Characteristics of Naturally Occurring Unsuccessful Foot Clearance During Swing in Individuals With Chronic Stroke
Altered gait mechanics are common following stroke and may increase the risk of falls. Paretic gait impairments have been previously compared to the non-paretic limb or control participants. Unfortunately, the biomechanical parameters underlying instances of naturally occurring unsuccessful foot clearance (trips) have yet to be examined in individuals with chronic stroke.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - September 2, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jessica L. Burpee, Michael D. Lewek Source Type: research

Vitamin D profile of patients with spinal cord injury and post-stroke hemiplegia: All in the same boat.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D status of patients with neurological disabilities was lower than that of controls. Non-functionally ambulatory patients had higher vitamin D insufficiency rate than functionally ambulatory patients. Preventative measures including adequate supplementation of vitamin D should be directed to neurologically disabled subjects, particularly those with non-functional ambulation. PMID: 26406185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation - September 26, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil Source Type: research

Systematic review and clinical recommendations for dosage of supported home-based standing programs for adults with stroke, spinal cord injury and other neurological conditions
Conclusions: Standing should occur 30 min 5 times a week for a positive impact on most outcomes while 60 min daily is suggested for mental function and bone mineral density.
Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders - November 17, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ginny PalegRoslyn Livingstone Source Type: research

Estimation of tissue stiffness, reflex activity, optimal muscle length and slack length in stroke patients using an electromyography driven antagonistic wrist model
About half of all chronic stroke patients experience loss of arm function coinciding with increased stiffness, reduced range of motion and a flexed wrist due to a change in neural and/or structural tissue properties. Quantitative assessment of these changes is of clinical importance, yet not trivial. The goal of this study was to quantify the neural and structural properties contributing to wrist joint stiffness and to compare these properties between healthy subjects and stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - April 7, 2016 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Karin L. de Gooijer-van de Groep, Erwin de Vlugt, Hanneke J. van der Krogt, Áróra Helgadóttir, J. Hans Arendzen, Carel G.M. Meskers, Jurriaan H. de Groot Source Type: research

Reduction of genu recurvatum through adjustment of plantarflexion resistance of an articulated ankle-foot orthosis in individuals post stroke
Genu recurvatum (knee hyperextension) is a common issue for individuals post stroke. Ankle-foot orthoses are used to improve genu recurvatum, but evidence is limited concerning their effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the plantarflexion resistance of an articulated ankle-foot orthosis on genu recurvatum in patients post stroke.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - April 21, 2016 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Toshiki Kobayashi, Michael S. Orendurff, Madeline L. Singer, Fan Gao, Wayne K. Daly, K. Bo Foreman Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

A safe and effective management strategy for blunt cerebrovascular injury: Avoiding unnecessary anticoagulation and eliminating stroke
CONCLUSION: This management scheme using 64-channel CTA for screening coupled with DSA for definitive diagnosis was proven to be safe and effective in identifying clinically significant BCVIs and maintaining a low stroke rate. Definitive diagnosis by DSA led to avoidance of potentially harmful anticoagulation in 45% of CTA-positive patients (false-positive results). No strokes resulted from injuries missed by CTA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level III.
Source: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care - May 21, 2016 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: AAST 2015 Plenary Papers Source Type: research