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Risk Factors for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
CONCLUSION: CA-UTI is not an uncommon nosocomial infection in PICU. The risk increases with increasing duration of catheter drainage, and hospital or PICU stay.PMID:35751372
Source: Indian Pediatrics - June 25, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: A V Lalitha Manisha Paul Savitha Nagraj Santu Ghosh Source Type: research

Pediatric ED Utilization in a Destination City: Demographic, Clinical, and Temporal Trends
Conclusion At our institution, local patients, in-state nonlocal patients, and out-of-state patients exhibited 3 distinct patterns of PED utilization. Knowledge of these trends can be used to optimize resource allocation and follow-up planning, particularly for our out-of-state patient population.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Education in the Waiting Room: Description of a Pediatric Emergency Department Educational Initiative
Conclusions The majority of parents were aware of this waiting-room educational initiative, but there was variable uptake of information. Parents watching the entire presentation appreciated the information provided, especially wait-time information, and felt it improved their experience. Knowledge of common health conditions was low; novel methods of knowledge transfer must be utilized and evaluated.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - October 1, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

“Parenteral” Diarrhea Associated With Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Retrospective Chart Review
Conclusions Our retrospective review of pediatric patients younger than 5 years with culture-proven UTIs found an association of reported diarrhea. It is our opinion based on our single-center retrospective chart review that the current available evidence suggests an association between UTIs and extraintestinal diarrhea. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm this association.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Clinical Management of Infections Caused by Enterobacteriaceae that Express Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and AmpC Enzymes
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 056-073DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398387The production of β-lactamase is the principal mechanism by which gram-negative bacteria resist the action of β-lactam antibiotics. In recent decades, there has been an alarming explosion in the diversity, global dissemination, host range, and spectrum of activity of β-lactamases. This has been most clearly reflected by the marked increase in infections caused by bacteria that express extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Some bacterial species possess chromosomally encoded broad-spectrum cephalosporinases (AmpC) that may be expressed at high leve...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 2, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Harris, Patrick N. A. Source Type: research

Antibiotic Resistance in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathogens
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 829-838 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593753The overwhelming majority of cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be treated with the standard antibiotic regimens of a macrolide and cephalosporin or a fluoroquinolone. Despite high rates, current levels of β-lactam resistance generally do not result in treatment failure for patients with CAP when appropriate agents and doses are used. Following the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease declined drastically, coinciding with a decrease in penicillin resistance. Risk factors for m...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 12, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Wunderink, Richard G. Yin, Yudong Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Carbapenem Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species producing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) in Critical Care Patients from 2001-2009.
In conclusion, in a cohort of patients residing in intensive care units within the United States, we found 10% of the isolates were resistant to at least one carbapenem antibiotic. The continued emergence of carbapenem-resistant ESBLs is of significant concern as infections due to these organisms are notoriously difficult to treat. PMID: 28167543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - February 5, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Johnson JK, Robinson GL, Pineles LL, Ajao AO, Zhao L, Albrecht JS, Harris AD, Thom KA, Furuno JP Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

The Use of a Triage-Based Protocol for Oral Rehydration in a Pediatric Emergency Department
This study evaluated a protocol prompting triage nurses to assess dehydration in gastroenteritis patients and initiate ondansetron and ORT if indicated. Otherwise well patients aged 6 months to 5 years with symptoms of gastroenteritis were eligible. Prospective postintervention data were compared with retrospective, preintervention control subjects. Results One hundred twenty-eight (81 postintervention and 47 preintervention) patients were analyzed; average age was 2.1 years. Ondansetron use increased from 36% to 75% (P
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - April 1, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Ondansetron Prescription for Home Use in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Conclusions Home-use ondansetron is widely prescribed in this urban academic pediatric ED for a variety of indications, without effect on 3- or 7-day ED return. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of this practice.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - March 1, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A Guide to the Gut Microbiome and its Relevance to Critical Care.
This article provides an overview of the importance of the gut microbiome, with a particular focus on critical care. PMID: 33104419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Nursing - October 22, 2020 Category: Nursing Authors: Alexander JL, Mullish BH Tags: Br J Nurs Source Type: research

Seasonality of Common Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Conclusions Many of the most common pediatric infectious diseases diagnosed in US EDs exhibited seasonal patterns. Large administrative databases can be used to track seasonal disease patterns, with the advantage that they reflect clinician diagnosis beyond microbiologic confirmation. This methodology could aid in resource planning, infection control, and public health educational initiatives.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - February 1, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Telemedicine Medical Screening Evaluation Expedites the Initiation of Emergency Care for Children
Conclusions A Tele-MSE is an innovative modality to expedite the initiation of emergency care and reduce PED LOS for children. This novel intervention offers potential opportunities to optimize provider and patient satisfaction and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - July 1, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: IT in the ED Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Pattern of Use of a Pediatric Emergency Department in Italy
Conclusions We confirm that most of the accesses to a PED are nonurgent and potentially avoidable. Interventions are needed to improve the appropriateness of use of emergency services.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - December 1, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Hypoglycemia in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Single-Center Experience on 402 Children
This study aimed to establish the rate, etiology, and short-term outcome of hypoglycemia in infants and children accessing an emergency department of a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Methods The study was retrospectively conducted on the clinical records of children with hypoglycemia aged 15 days to 17 years who were admitted consecutively to the emergency department during a 6-year period for various clinical conditions. Hypoglycemia was defined as a venous plasma glucose level lower than 45 mg/dL. Results Hypoglycemia was detected in 402 patients (female-to-male ratio, 1.26; mean age, 2.6 ± 1.8 years), ...
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - January 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Healthcare-associated infections in a newly opened pediatric intensive care unit in Turkey: Results of four-year surveillance
Conclusions: Our rate of HAIs is higher than the mean rates reported in PICU studies from developed countries. Active surveillance studies of HAIs is an essential component of infection control, which may contribute to improving preventive strategies in developing countries.
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - March 31, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research