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Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: We found that nebulised antibiotics, alone or with oral antibiotics, were better than no treatment for early infection with P aeruginosa. Eradication may be sustained in the short term. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether these antibiotic strategies decrease mortality or morbidity, improve quality of life, or are associated with adverse effects compared to placebo or standard treatment. Four trials comparing two active treatments have failed to show differences in rates of eradication of P aeruginosa. One large trial showed that intravenous ceftazidime with tobramycin is not superior to oral ci...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 2, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Simon C Langton Hewer Sherie Smith Nicola J Rowbotham Alexander Yule Alan R Smyth Source Type: research

Antibiotic susceptibility of urine culture specimens in Ontario: a population-based cohort study
In this study, urinary organism prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility varied across health care settings and patient populations, with implications for both antimicrobial resistance surveillance and clinical decision-making. Weighted antibiograms may be most useful for guiding empiric treatment of urinary infections in inpatient settings where the diversity of infectious organisms is higher than in the community.PMID:36735244 | PMC:PMC9744262 | DOI:10.9778/cmajo.20210215
Source: cmaj - February 3, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Alex Marchand-Austin Samantha M Lee Bradley J Langford Nick Daneman Derek R MacFadden Christina Diong Kevin L Schwartz Vanessa G Allen Jennie Johnstone Samir N Patel Gary E Garber Kevin A Brown Source Type: research

Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins
CONCLUSIONS: Based on very low- to low-certainty evidence, ceftriaxone is an effective treatment for adults and children with enteric fever, with few adverse effects. Trials suggest that there may be no difference in the performance of ceftriaxone compared with azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, or chloramphenicol. Cefixime can also be used for treatment of enteric fever but may not perform as well as fluoroquinolones. We are unable to draw firm general conclusions on comparative contemporary effectiveness given that most trials were small and conducted over 20 years previously. Clinicians need to take into account current, l...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 24, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rebecca Kuehn Nicole Stoesser David Eyre Thomas C Darton Buddha Basnyat Christopher Martin Parry Source Type: research

Clinical manifestations and microbiological features between indigenous and imported enteric fever in Taiwan, 2010-2020
We presented the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of indigenous and imported enteric fever cases in Taiwan in the current decade. We retrospectively reviewed typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases in two medical centers of Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in 2010-2020. A total of 37 enteric fever cases including 24 typhoid fever and 13 paratyphoid fever were recorded. There were 20 indigenous cases, 16 imported cases, and one indetermined case. Splenomegaly and hepatitis were more frequent in typhoid fever than in paratyphoid fever (P < 0.05). Imported cases had more ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility rate (8/16,...
Source: J Formos Med Assoc - July 23, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Chih-Ho Chen Ying-Jie Hsu Yi-Ching Chen Shu-Shen Cheng Kuang-Che Kuo Cheng-Hsun Chiu Source Type: research

High frequency of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene in Shigella species isolated from pediatric patients in an Iranian Referral Hospital
CONCLUSION: The high presence of sigA gene in S. sonnei strains plays an important role in its pathogenesis, and the high frequency of invE and virF genes showed that this classical pathway regulating the expression of Shigella virulence factor genes could play a key role in the pathogenesis of this bacterium.PMID:35546037 | DOI:10.23750/abm.v93i2.10823
Source: Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis - May 12, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Setareh Mamishi Babak Pourakbari Mohammad Ghaffari Charati Shima Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi Source Type: research

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