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Specialty: Infectious Diseases

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Total 742 results found since Jan 2013.

North American ragweed to bring autumn allergy misery to Europe
Ragweed pollen is the bane of many lives in the US, and climate change could help the plant become much more common in Europe by 2050
Source: New Scientist - Epidemics and Pandemics - May 26, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

West African Ebola virus strain less virulent than prototype 1976 strain
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) The Makona strain of Ebola virus circulating in West Africa for the past year takes roughly two days longer to cause terminal disease in an animal model compared to the original 1976 Mayinga strain isolated in Central Africa, according to a new NIH report. The new study suggests the current virus has a decreased ability to cause disease in their animal model compared to the 1976 strain.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 9, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Monitoring and switching of first-line antiretroviral therapy in adult treatment cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa: collaborative analysis
Publication date: Available online 16 June 2015 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Andreas D Haas , Olivia Keiser , Eric Balestre , Steve Brown , Emmanuel Bissagnene , Cleophas Chimbetete , François Dabis , Mary-Ann Davies , Christopher J Hoffmann , Patrick Oyaro , Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi , Steven J Reynolds , Izukanji Sikazwe , Kara Wools-Kaloustian , D Marcel Zannou , Gilles Wandeler , Matthias Egger Background HIV-1 viral load testing is recommended to monitor antiretroviral therapy (ART) but is not universally available. The aim of our study was to assess monitoring of first-line ART and switching to second-line ART ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - June 17, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Sequencing Ebola's secrets
(Harvard University) A global team from Harvard University, the Broad Institute, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, along with many other institutions, sequenced more than 200 additional genomes from Ebola virus samples, to capture the fullest picture yet of how the virus is transmitted and how it has changed over the long-term outbreak.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 18, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

NIH-funded vaccine for West Nile Virus enters human clinical trials
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A clinical trial of a new investigational vaccine designed to protect against West Nile Virus infection will be sponsored by the NIAID. The experimental vaccine was discovered and developed by scientists at the Oregon National Primate Research Center at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland. The scientists were funded with a $7.2 million grant from NIAID, awarded in 2009. The new vaccine is being tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 6, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Experimental MERS vaccine shows promise in animal studies
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A two-step regimen of experimental vaccines against MERS prompted immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques, report NIH scientists. Vaccinated mice produced broadly neutralizing antibodies against multiple strains of the MERS coronavirus, while vaccinated macaques were protected from severe lung damage when later exposed to MERS-CoV. The findings suggest that the current approach, in which vaccine design is guided by an understanding of structure of viral components and their interactions with host cells, holds promise for developing a similar human MERS vaccine regimen.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Age in antiretroviral therapy programmes in South Africa: a retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort study
Publication date: Available online 4 August 2015 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Morna Cornell, Leigh F Johnson, Michael Schomaker, Frank Tanser, Mhairi Maskew, Robin Wood, Hans Prozesky, Janet Giddy, Kathryn Stinson, Matthias Egger, Andrew Boulle, Landon Myer Background As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) expands, increasing numbers of older patients will start treatment and need specialised long-term care. However, the effect of age in ART programmes in resource-constrained settings is poorly understood. The HIV epidemic is ageing rapidly and South Africa has one of the highest HIV population prevale...
Source: The Lancet HIV - August 4, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Single dose Ebola vaccine is safe and effective in monkeys against outbreak strain
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) NIH scientists report that a single dose of an experimental Ebola virus vaccine completely protects cynomolgus macaques against the current EBOV outbreak strain, EBOV-Makona, when given at least seven days before exposure, and partially protects them if given three days prior. The live-attenuated vaccine, VSV-EBOV, uses genetically engineered vesicular stomatitis virus to carry an EBOV gene that has safely induced protective immunity in macaques.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - August 6, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Malaria Diagnosis Across the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research: Platforms, Performance, and Standardization.
Abstract Diagnosis is "the act of identifying a disease, illness, or problem by examining someone or something." When an individual with acute fever presents for clinical attention, accurate diagnosis leading to specific, prompt treatment often saves lives. As applied to malaria, not only individual patient diagnosis is important but also assessing population-level malaria prevalence using appropriate diagnostic methods is essential for public health purposes. Similarly, identifying (diagnosing) fake antimalarial medications prevents the use of counterfeit drugs that can have disastrous effects. Therefore, accurat...
Source: Am J Trop Med Hyg - August 10, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kobayashi T, Gamboa D, Ndiaye D, Cui L, Sutton P, Vinetz JM Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

NIH-funded study establishes genomic data set on Lassa virus
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) An international team of researchers has developed the largest genomic data set in the world on Lassa virus (LASV). The genomic catalog contains nearly 200 viral genomes collected from patient and field samples from the major host of Lassa virus -- the multimammate rat. The study suggests that these four LASV strains originated from a common ancestral virus more than 1,000 years ago and spread across West Africa within the last several hundred years.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - August 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

NIH-developed Epstein-Barr virus vaccine elicits potent neutralizing antibodies in animals
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) NIAID researchers and their collaborators have developed an experimental, nanoparticle-based vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that can induce potent neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice and nonhuman primates. Microscopic particles, known as nanoparticles, are being investigated as potential delivery vehicles for vaccines. The scientists' findings suggest that using a structure-based vaccine design and self-assembling nanoparticles to deliver a viral protein that prompts an immune response could be a promising approach for developing an EBV vaccine for humans.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - August 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

NIH scientists and colleagues successfully test MERS vaccine in monkeys and camels
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) NIH scientists and colleagues report that an experimental vaccine given six weeks before exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) fully protects rhesus macaques from disease. The vaccine also generated potentially protective MERS-CoV antibodies in blood drawn from vaccinated camels. MERS-CoV, which causes pneumonia deep in the lungs, emerged in 2012 and has sickened more than 1,400 people and killed 500, mostly in the Middle East and Asia.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - August 19, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Availability of Pyrimethamine: Statement from Adult & Adolescent OI Guideline Panel
Pyrimethamine is recommended for treatment and/or prophylaxis of Toxoplasma encephalitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and Isospora infection. As of June 2015, pyrimethamine is no longer available in retail pharmacies in the United States. It is only available through a special pharmacy program (http://www.daraprimdirect.com/how-to-prescribe). If there is a delay in procuring pyrimethamine for a patient in whom it is needed for one of the above indications, please refer to the specific pathogen section for alternative drug regimens for treatment or prophylaxis. For patients with suspected or documented toxoplasmosis who do not ...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - September 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Prion disease detected soon after infection and in surprising place in mouse brains
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Prion diseases -- incurable, ultimately fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative disorders of mammals -- are believed to develop undetected in the brain over several years from infectious prion protein. In a new study, NIH scientists report they can detect infectious prion protein in mouse brains within a week of inoculation. Equally surprising, the protein was generated outside blood vessels in a place in the brain where scientists believe drug treatment could be targeted to prevent disease.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - September 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Relevance of EORTC Criteria for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in HIV-Infected Patients, and Survival Trends Over a 20-Year Period in France
Conclusions. In the cART era, EORTC criteria, developed for use in hematology/oncology, still applied to only half the cases diagnosed among HIV-infected patients. A rapid diagnosis of IA is paramount to improve survival. For patients who do not fulfill the EORTC definition, we suggest that the addition of "HIV infected with a CD4 count <100 cells/µL" to the EORTC host criteria be validated.
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases - September 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Denis, B., Guiguet, M., de Castro, N., Mechai, F., Revest, M., Melica, G., Costagliola, D., Lortholary, O., for the French Hospital Database on HIV Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hepatites virales, France CO4 Tags: ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES Source Type: research